Pakupanga zida zachitsulo, mafuta odzola ndi zinthu zodzola zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kukana kwa mawiri okangana ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwawo. Mafuta odzola amachitanso ntchito monga kuziziritsa, kuyeretsa, komanso kupewa kuipitsa kwa mawiri okangana. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola kungayambitse mawanga a dzimbiri, mawanga a bulauni ndi oyera pamwamba pa chinthucho, zomwe sizimangochepetsa mawonekedwe a chinthucho, komanso zimawonjezera zovuta pakukonza pambuyo pake, komanso zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a chinthucho.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa chinthu ndikuchotsa madontho, ndikofunikira kuphunzira njira zochotsera mafuta pamwamba ndi kuyeretsa. Kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe a mafuta odzola ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakuchotsa mafuta pamwamba ndi kuyeretsa. Madontho oipitsa omwe amapezeka pamwamba pa chitsulo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsa:
(1)Kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta - mafuta ndi mafuta acids;
(2)Kuipitsa madzi osungunuka – ma organic acid ndi ma inorganic acid;
(3) Kuipitsa kolimba - ma oxide, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, fumbi, ndi zina zotero.
Njira zodziwika bwino zochotsera mafuta ndi kuyeretsa pamwamba pa zitsulo ndi izi:
1. Njira yopukutira: Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja, yoyenera kuyeretsa ziwalo zovuta komanso kupanga zinthu zazing'ono.
2. Njira yotsukira: Imatha kutsuka dothi losasunthika pamwamba, loyenera kupanga pang'ono.
3. Njira yopangira pickling: Imatha kuyeretsa mamba a oxide, zinthu zachilengedwe, mafilimu a alkali ndi mawanga a dzimbiri pamwamba pa zitsulo, koma imawononga pamwamba.
4. Njira yoyeretsera madzi a alkali: Imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya saponification ya madzi a alkali kuchotsa zinthu zoipitsa zomwe zimachotsedwa ndi madzi a saponifiable.
5. Njira yoyeretsera zosungunulira zachilengedwe: Imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yosungunulira zachilengedwe ya zosungunulira zachilengedwe za mafuta ndi mafuta kuti ichotse dothi, popanda nthawi yoyeretsa komanso yopanda dzimbiri ku zitsulo, koma zosungunulira zachilengedwe zambiri zimakhala zoopsa.
6. Njira yoyeretsera ya Ultrasound: Imasintha mphamvu ya mawu ya gwero la kugwedezeka kwa ultrasonic kukhala kugwedezeka kwa makina kudzera mu transducer, imayatsa mafunde a ultrasound kulowa mumadzi oyeretsera mu thanki kudzera pakhoma la thanki yoyeretsera, kotero kuti ma thovu ang'onoang'ono omwe ali mu thanki amatha kusunga kugwedezeka pansi pa mphamvu ya mafunde a phokoso, zomwe zimapangitsa kutopa kuwonongeka kwa dothi ndikulichotsa.
7. Njira yoyeretsera ya emulsification, njira yoyeretsera ya electrolytic, ndi zina zotero.
Njira Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kawirikawiri Poteteza Chilengedwe Zotsukira Mafakitale
1. Kuyeretsa kutentha kwa chipinda kapena kupopera: Onjezerani nthawi yoyeretsa moyenera, gwedezani pang'onopang'ono chimango choyeretsera panthawi yoyeretsa kuti muwonetsetse kuti chogwirira ntchitocho chakhudzana mokwanira ndi madzi oyeretsera. Mukatsuka, tsukani bwino ndi madzi apampopi kenako muumitse.
2. Kupopera: Konzani chotsukira malinga ndi kuchuluka kofunikira, kenako ikani zinthu zoti ziyeretsedwe mu makina opopera.
3. Kunyowetsa madzi otentha: Tenthetsani chotsukira chokonzedwa chochokera m'madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa madigiri 70-80°C malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Mukatsuka kwa mphindi 5-15 (kugwedeza bwino chogwirira ntchito poyeretsa kungathandize kuyeretsa bwino), tsukani bwino ndi madzi apampopi kenako muumitse.
4. Kupukuta ndi manja: Kawirikawiri, sakanizani yankho loyambirira mpaka nthawi 10-20 (kutengera momwe zinthu zilili), kenako gwiritsani ntchito nsalu yoviikidwa mu chotsukira chochepetsedwa popukuta. Ndi bwino kuvala magolovesi mukapukuta. Poyerekeza ndi kuyeretsa kokha ndi makina otsukira, kupukuta ndi manja kumafuna kuchuluka kwa chotsukira.
5. Kuyeretsa kwa Ultrasonic: Tenthetsani chotsukira chochepetsedwa madzi kufika pa 55-65°C pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi ultrasonic, yeretsani kwa mphindi 3-10, kenako muzimutsuka bwino ndi madzi a pampopi ndikuwumitsa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-06-2026