Ndi njira yanji yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popewa kuwononga?

Mwambiri, njira zopewera dzimbiri zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

1.Kusankha kolondola kwa zida zolimbana ndi dzimbiri ndi njira zina zodzitetezera

2.Kusankha magwiridwe antchito oyenera komanso zida zopangira

Kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo a ndondomeko pakupanga mankhwala kungathe kuthetsa zochitika zowonongeka zosafunikira. Komabe, ngakhale zida zapamwamba zosagwira dzimbiri zitagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira zosayenera zimatha kuyambitsa dzimbiri.

1. Inorganic Corrosion Inhibitorsku

Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezera pang'ono zoletsa corrosion ku malo owononga kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwachitsulo. Zoletsa izi nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu: inorganic, organic, ndi vapor-phase inhibitors, iliyonse ili ndi njira zake zosiyana.

• Anodic Inhibitors (amachepetsa ndondomeko ya anodic):

Izi zikuphatikizapo oxidizers (chromates, nitrites, iron ions, etc.) zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusokoneza kapena kujambula mafilimu (alkalis, phosphates, silicates, benzoates, etc.) zomwe zimapanga mafilimu otetezera pamtunda wa anode. Amachita makamaka m'chigawo cha anodic, kukulitsa kukomoka kwa anodic. Kawirikawiri, anodic inhibitors amapanga filimu yoteteza pa anode pamwamba, yomwe imakhala yogwira mtima kwambiri koma imakhala ndi chiopsezo - mlingo wosakwanira ukhoza kuchititsa kuti filimuyi ikhale yosakwanira, kusiya malo ang'onoang'ono achitsulo opanda kanthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri za anodic panopa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zimbudzi ziwonongeke.

• Cathodic Inhibitors (kuchitapo kanthu pa cathodic reaction):

Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo calcium, zinki, magnesium, mkuwa, ndi manganese ayoni, omwe amachitira ndi ayoni a hydroxide opangidwa pa cathode kupanga ma insoluble hydroxides. Izi zimapanga mafilimu okhuthala pamtunda wa cathode, kutsekereza kufalikira kwa okosijeni ndikuwonjezera polarization.

• Mixed Inhibitors (imitsani zonse za anodic ndi cathodic reaction):

Izi zimafuna kutsimikiza kwa mlingo woyenera.

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2.Organic Corrosion Inhibitors

Organic inhibitors amagwira ntchito kudzera mu adsorption, kupanga filimu yosaoneka, yokhuthala kwambiri ya mamolekyulu pamwamba pa zitsulo zomwe nthawi imodzi zimalepheretsa machitidwe a anodic ndi cathodic (ngakhale akugwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana). Ma organic inhibitors ambiri amaphatikizapo nayitrogeni-, sulfure-, oxygen-, ndi phosphorous-container compounds. Ma adsorption awo amatengera kapangidwe ka maselo ndipo amatha kugawidwa motere:

· Electrostatic adsorption

· Chemical adsorption

· π-bond (delocalized electron) adsorption

Organic inhibitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso akusintha mwachangu, koma amakhalanso ndi zovuta, monga:

Kuyipitsidwa kwazinthu (makamaka pazakudya)—komwe kuli kopindulitsa mu pro

siteji yotsitsa, zitha kukhala zovulaza kwina.

Kuletsa zomwe mukufuna (mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa kuchotsedwa kwa filimu panthawi ya pickling acid).

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3. Vapor-Phase Corrosion Inhibitorsku

Izi ndi zinthu zowonongeka kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi magulu ogwira ntchito zowononga dzimbiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuteteza ziwalo zachitsulo panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula (nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolimba). Mpweya wawo umatulutsa magulu oletsa omwe akugwira ntchito mu chinyezi chamlengalenga, chomwe chimamangirira pamwamba pachitsulo kuti chichepetse dzimbiri.

Kuonjezera apo, ndi adsorptive inhibitors, kutanthauza kuti chitsulo chotetezedwa sichifuna kuchotsa dzimbiri kale.

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