Nchifukwa chiyani kuchuluka kwa surfactant kumabweretsa kupangika kwa thovu kwambiri?

Mpweya ukalowa mumadzi, popeza susungunuka m'madzi, umagawidwa m'mabowo ambiri ndi madziwo pansi pa mphamvu yakunja, zomwe zimapangitsa dongosolo losiyana. Mpweya ukalowa mumadziwo ndikupanga thovu, malo olumikizirana pakati pa mpweya ndi madzi amawonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu yaulere ya dongosololi imakweranso moyenerera.

Gawo lotsika kwambiri likugwirizana ndi lomwe nthawi zambiri timatcha kuti critical micelle concentration (CMC). Chifukwa chake, pamene kuchuluka kwa surfactant kufika pa CMC, pamakhala mamolekyu okwanira a surfactant mu dongosolo kuti agwirizane kwambiri pamwamba pa madzi, ndikupanga gawo lopanda mipata la filimu imodzi. Izi zimachepetsa kupsinjika kwa pamwamba pa dongosolo. Pamene kupsinjika kwa pamwamba kumachepa, mphamvu yaulere yomwe imafunika popanga thovu mu dongosolo imachepanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupanga thovu kukhale kosavuta.

Pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera, kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa ma emulsion okonzedwa panthawi yosungira, kuchuluka kwa surfactant nthawi zambiri kumasinthidwa pamwamba pa kuchuluka kwa micelle kofunikira. Ngakhale izi zimawonjezera kukhazikika kwa emulsion, zilinso ndi zovuta zina. Ma surfactants ochulukirapo samangochepetsa kupsinjika kwa pamwamba pa dongosololi komanso amaphimba mpweya wolowa mu emulsion, ndikupanga filimu yamadzimadzi yolimba, ndipo pamwamba pamadzi, filimu ya molekyulu ya bilayer. Izi zimalepheretsa kwambiri kugwa kwa thovu.

Thovu ndi kusonkhana kwa thovu zambiri, pomwe thovu limapangidwa pamene mpweya umafalikira mumadzimadzi—mpweya ngati gawo lofalikira ndi madzi ngati gawo lopitirira. Mpweya womwe uli mkati mwa thovu ukhoza kusuntha kuchokera ku thovu lina kupita ku lina kapena kuthawira mumlengalenga wozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thovu lizigwirizana ndi kuzimiririka.

Pa madzi oyera kapena ma surfactants okha, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kawo kofanana, filimu ya thovu yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha izi imakhala yosalimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thovu likhale losakhazikika komanso lotha kudzichotsa lokha. Chiphunzitso cha Thermodynamic chikusonyeza kuti thovu lopangidwa mu zakumwa zoyera ndi la kanthawi kochepa ndipo limatha chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa filimu.

Monga tanenera kale, mu zokutira zochokera m'madzi, kupatulapo njira yofalitsira (madzi), palinso zoyeretsera za emulsifier ya polymer emulsification, pamodzi ndi zothira, zonyowetsa, zothina, ndi zina zowonjezera zophikira zochokera ku surfactant. Popeza zinthuzi zimakhalapo nthawi imodzi, kupangika kwa thovu ndikotheka kwambiri, ndipo zigawozi zofanana ndi surfactant zimalimbitsa thovu lopangidwa.

Pamene ma ionic surfactants agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma emulsifier, filimu ya thovu imalandira mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwamphamvu pakati pa ma charge, thovu limakana kusonkhana, zomwe zimaletsa njira ya thovu laling'ono kuphatikizana kukhala lalikulu kenako nkugwa. Chifukwa chake, izi zimaletsa kuchotsa thovu ndikukhazikitsa thovu.

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