Gukoresha Surfactants mu kubaka Pavement ya Asphalt

Surfactants zifite akamaro kanini mu kubaka inzira za kaburimbo, cyane cyane zirimo ibi bikurikira:

1. Nk'inyongera zishyushye zo kuvanga

(1) Uburyo bwo gukora

Inyongeramusaruro zishyushye ni ubwoko bwa surfactant (urugero, inyongeramusaruro zishyushye zo mu bwoko bwa APTL) zigizwe n'amatsinda ya lipophilic na hydrophilic mu miterere yazo ya molekile. Mu gihe cyo kuvanga imvange ya asphalt, inyongeramusaruro zishyushye zishyirwa mu nkono yo kuvanga mu buryo bumwe na asphalt. Mu gihe cyo gukurura ibintu, amatsinda ya lipophilic ahuza na asphalt, mu gihe molekile z'amazi zisigaye zihuza n'amatsinda ya hydrophilic kugira ngo zikore icyuma cy'amazi hagati y'ibice bya asphalt-coated. Iki gikoresho cy'amazi gikora nk'amavuta, byongera ubushobozi bw'uruvange mu gihe cyo kuvanga. Mu gihe cyo kuvanga no gukurura, icyuma cy'amazi gikomeza gutanga amavuta, byongera umuvuduko wo kuvanga no koroshya gukurura uruvange. Nyuma yo kurangiza gukurura, molekile z'amazi zigenda zishira buhoro buhoro, maze surfactant yimukira mu gice kiri hagati ya asphalt na asphalt, bikomeza imikorere yo guhuza hagati y'ibice bya asphalt na asphalt bifunga.

(2) Ibyiza

Inyongeramusaruro zishyushye zishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo kuvanga, guparika, no gufungana ho 30–60°C, bikongera igihe cy'ubwubatsi kugeza ku bidukikije biri hejuru ya 0°C. Zigabanya imyuka ya CO₂ ku kigero cya 50% n'imyuka ihumanya (urugero: imyuka ya asphalt) ku kigero kirenga 80%. Byongeye kandi, birinda gusaza kwa asphalt, bishimangira ko imyuka ifungana n'imikorere myiza y'ubwubatsi, kandi byongera igihe cyo gukora kw'inzira za asphalt. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha inyongeramusaruro zishyushye bishobora kongera umusaruro w'inganda zivangavanga ho 20–25% no kongera umuvuduko wo gufunga/gufungana ho 10–20%, bityo bikanoza imikorere myiza y'ubwubatsi kandi bikagabanya igihe cyo kubaka.

2. Nk'ibikoresho byo guterura ibintu bya Asphalt

(1) Gushyira mu byiciro n'ibiranga

Ibyuma bigabanya ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa asphalt ni surfactants zishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere ya ionic muri cationic, anionic, non-ionic, na amphoteric. Ibyuma bigabanya ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa asphalt bya Cationic byinjira mu bintu bifite ingufu nke binyuze mu bushobozi bwiza, bigatuma bikomera cyane - bigatuma biba byiza cyane mu turere dutose n'imvura. Ibyuma bigabanya ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa anionic, nubwo bihendutse, bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwirinda amazi kandi bigenda bisimburwa buhoro buhoro. Ibyuma bigabanya ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa asphalt na amphoteric byujuje ibisabwa mu bidukikije byihariye. Bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe umuvuduko wo gukuramo ubushyuhe, birimo gushyira buhoro (bikoreshwa mu gufunga ubushyuhe no kongera gukoresha ibintu mu buryo bukonje), gushyira hagati (kuringaniza igihe cyo gufungura n'umuvuduko wo gukuramo ubushyuhe), no gushyiraho vuba (bikoreshwa mu gutunganya ubuso kugira ngo byorohereze uburyo bwo gukuramo ubushyuhe n'uburyo bwo gufungura).

(2) Ingero z'Ishyirwa mu Bikorwa

Imashini zigabanya ubukonje n'ubukonje zituma habaho uburyo bwo kuvanga no gukonjesha ibyuma bikuraho gushyushya ibyuma, bikagabanya ingufu zikoreshwa ku kigero kirenga 30% - inyungu ikomeye mu turere tw'imisozi miremire cyangwa gusana imihanda mu mijyi vuba. Zikoreshwa kandi mu kubungabunga umuhanda (urugero: gufunga ibyuma) mu gusana inzira zishaje no kongera igihe cyo kuzikoresha ku myaka 5-8. Byongeye kandi, zishyigikira uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho bikonje mu gihe cy'ubukonje, zigatanga umusaruro 100% ku bikoresho bishaje bya mashini kandi zikagabanya ikiguzi ku kigero cya 20%.

3. Kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukora neza kwa Asphalt n'ibiyivange byayo

(1) Ingaruka

Imiti ikoreshwa mu gukurura amavuta yagutse (Surfactants) yakozwe hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gukurura amavuta yagutse (AMS) hamwe na Span80, iyo yongewe muri asphalt igabanya cyane ubukana bw'ubuso ku gice cy'ubuso cya asphalt n'igice cy'ubuso kandi ikagabanya ubukana bw'imiti ikoreshwa mu gukurura asphalt. Ibi bituma uruvange rukora neza mu gihe bigabanya ingano ya mazutu. Gushyiramo imiti ikoreshwa mu gukurura asphalt byongera ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwira ku buso bw'ubuso, bigabanya ubukana mu gihe cyo gukurura asphalt, kandi byongera urugero rwo gukurura asphalt ikoreshwa mu gukurura asphalt - binoza uburyo bwo kuvanga no gukora neza mu gukurura asphalt.

(2) Uburyo

Ibyuma bivanze bihindura imiterere y’amazi hagati ya asphalt n’ibice bivanze, bigatuma imvange ya asphalt ikomeza gukora neza nubwo hagabanutse ingano y’amazi avanze. Ku gipimo cya surfactant cya 1.0–1.5%, iterambere mu miterere y’ibice bivanze bya asphalt bigabanya ingano ya 4–6% bya mazutu, bigatuma imvange igera ku buryo bumwe bwo kuvanga no gukora neza.

4. Ku bijyanye no kongera gukoresha uburyo bukonje bwo gutunganya imihanda ya Asphalt

(1) Uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho

Ibyuma bikonjesha byongera gukoresha asphalt ni ibintu bikwirakwiza asphalt mu tunyangingo duto binyuze mu bikorwa bya shimi kandi bikayituza mu mazi, imikorere yabyo y'ibanze ituma asphalt ikorwa mu bushyuhe bw'ikirere. Molekile za emulsifier zigira urwego rwo kwinjizwa mu mazi ku gice cy'aho asphalt n'aho ihuriye, birwanya isuri y'amazi—cyane cyane ku bintu bivanze n'aside. Hagati aho, ibice by'amavuta byoroshye biri muri asphalt ya emulsified byinjira muri asphalt ishaje, bigasubiza igice cyoroshye cyayo kandi byongera umuvuduko wo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byasubijwe.

(2) Ibyiza

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bukonje rituma habaho kuvanga no kubaka ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, rigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 50–70% ugereranije no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bushyushye kandi rigagabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Rijyanye n'ibisabwa mu kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo burambye no mu iterambere rirambye.