Ni ubuhe buryo bushobora gukoreshwa mu gukumira ingese?

Muri rusange, uburyo bwo gukumira ingese bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri by'ingenzi:

1. Guhitamo neza ibikoresho birwanya ingese hamwe n'izindi ngamba zo kwirinda.

2. Guhitamo imikorere ikwiye y’ibikorwa n’imiterere y’ibikoresho.

Gukurikiza amabwiriza agenga imikorere mu gukora imiti bishobora gukuraho ingese zitari ngombwa. Ariko, nubwo hakoreshwa ibikoresho byiza birwanya ingese, uburyo budakwiye bwo gukora bushobora gutera ingese ikomeye.

1. Ibikoresho bigabanya ingese mu buryo butari ubw'umwimerere?

Ubusanzwe, kongeramo uduce duto tw’ibinyabutabire bigabanya ingese mu kirere bishobora kugabanya cyane ingese mu byuma. Ibi binyabutabire muri rusange bishyirwa mu moko atatu: ibinyabutabire bitagira umwimerere, ibinyabutabire bikomoka ku bimera, n’ibinyabutabire bikoresha umwuka, buri kimwe gifite uburyo butandukanye.

• Inhibitors za Anodic (zigabanya umuvuduko w'imikorere ya anodic):

Ibi birimo oxidizers (chromates, nitrites, ions z'icyuma, nibindi) zitera imikorere ya anodic passivation cyangwa ibyuma bifotora anodic (alkalis, fosfeti, silicates, benzoates, nibindi)​​bikora filime zirinda ku buso bwa anode. Bikunze kugira ingaruka mu gace ka anodic, byongera ubwiyongere bwa anodic. Muri rusange, ibyuma bibuza anodic bikora filime irinda ku buso bwa anode, bigira ingaruka nziza cyane ariko bifite ibyago bimwe na bimwe—dosage idahagije ishobora gutuma filime idakwirakwira neza, bigatuma ahantu hato h’icyuma hagaragaramo ubucucike bwinshi bwa anodic current, bigatuma ingese yo mu mwobo irushaho kwiyongera.

• Inhibitors za Cathodic (zigira uruhare mu mikorere ya cathodic):

Ingero zirimo iyoni za kalisiyumu, zinki, manyeziyumu, umuringa, na manganese, zikora hamwe na iyoni za hydroxide zikorerwa muri cathode zigakora hydroxide zidashonga. Izi zikora filime nini ku buso bwa cathode, zigahagarika ikwirakwira rya ogisijeni no kongera polarisation y’ibipimo.

• Inhibitors zivanze (zigabanya ingaruka za anodic na cathodic):

Ibi bisaba kugerageza gusuzuma igipimo cyiza.

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2. Ibikoresho bigabanya ingese mu buryo bw’umwimerere​

Ibikoresho birwanya ibidukikije bikora binyuze mu kubyimbirwa, bigatera icyuma kitagaragara, gifite ubunini bwa molekile ku buso bw'icyuma, kikaba gihagarika icyarimwe ibikorwa bya anode na cathodic (nubwo bifite imikorere itandukanye). Ibikoresho birwanya ibidukikije bisanzwe birimo azote, sulfur, ogisijeni, na fosifore. Uburyo bwo kubyimbirwa bushingiye ku miterere ya molekile kandi bushobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira:

·Gukoresha amashanyarazi​

· Kunywa imiti

· Gushyiramo π-bond (electron delocalised)​

Imiti igabanya ubukana bw’ibiyobyabwenge ikoreshwa cyane kandi ihinduka vuba, ariko ifite n’imbogamizi, nko:

· Kwanduzwa kw'ibicuruzwa (cyane cyane mu biryo)—nubwo ari ingirakamaro mu buryo bumwe

mu cyiciro cyo gukuramo ibiyobyabwenge, bishobora kwangiza ikindi gihe.

·Kubuza ingaruka zifuzwa (urugero, gutinda gukuraho agahu mu gihe cyo gukamura aside).

Ese?

3. Ibikoresho bigabanya ingese mu gihe cy'umwuka ushyushye?

Ibi ni ibintu bihinduka cyane birimo amatsinda bikora ibintu bigabanya ingese, ahanini bikoreshwa mu kurinda ibice by'icyuma mu gihe cyo kubibika no gutwara (akenshi biba bikomeye). Imyuka yabyo irekura amatsinda bikora ibintu bigabanya ingese mu kirere, hanyuma bigafata icyuma kikagenda buhoro buhoro kugira ngo gikomeze kwangirika.

Byongeye kandi, ni imiti igabanya ingese, bivuze ko ubuso bw'icyuma burinzwe budasaba ko ingese zikurwaho mbere.

Ese?