Muri rusange, uburyo bwo kwirinda ruswa bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri byingenzi:
1. Guhitamo neza ibikoresho birwanya ruswa hamwe nizindi ngamba zo gukumira.
2. Guhitamo ibikorwa bifatika nibikorwa byububiko.
Gukurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza yimikorere mu musaruro w’imiti birashobora gukuraho ibintu bitari ngombwa. Nubwo, nubwo ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru birwanya ruswa byakoreshejwe, inzira zidakwiye zirashobora gukurura ruswa.
1. Inhibitori ya ruswa?
Mubisanzwe, kongeramo akantu gato ko kubuza kwangirika kubidukikije bishobora kwangirika cyane kwangirika kwicyuma. Izi inhibitor zashyizwe mubice bitatu: inorganic, organic, na vapor-phase inhibitor, buri kimwe gifite uburyo butandukanye.
• Inoditori ya Anodic (gahoro gahoro inzira ya anodic):
Harimo okiside (chromates, nitrite, ioni fer, nibindi) biteza imbere passiyo ya anodic cyangwa ibikoresho byo gufata amashusho ya anodic (alkalis, fosifate, silicates, benzoates, nibindi) bigize firime ikingira hejuru ya anode. Bakora cyane cyane mukarere ka anodic, bakazamura polarisike. Mubisanzwe, anodic inhibitor ikora firime ikingira hejuru ya anode, ikora neza ariko ikagira ingaruka zimwe - dosiye idahagije irashobora gutuma firime ituzuye, hasigara uduce duto duto twambaye ubusa dufite ubucucike bukabije bwa anodic, bigatuma ruswa ishobora kwangirika.
• Inhibitori ya Cathodic (kora kuri reaction ya cathodique):
Ingero zirimo calcium, zinc, magnesium, umuringa, na manganese ion, zifata hamwe na hydroxide ion ikorerwa muri cathode kugirango ikore hydroxide idashonga. Izi firime zibyibushye hejuru ya cathode, zibuza ikwirakwizwa rya ogisijeni no kongera polarisiyasi.
• Imvange zivanze (guhagarika reaction ya anodic na cathodic):
Ibi bisaba kugeragezwa kugipimo cyiza.
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2.Ibikoresho byangiza ruswa
Inhibitori organique ikora ikoresheje adsorption, ikora firime itagaragara, yuzuye umubyimba hejuru yicyuma icyarimwe ikuraho icyarimwe anodic na cathodic reaction (nubwo bifite ingaruka zitandukanye). Ibisanzwe byangiza umubiri birimo azote-, sulfure-, ogisijeni-, hamwe na fosifore irimo ibintu byinshi. Uburyo bwabo bwa adsorption bushingiye kumiterere ya molekile kandi birashobora gushyirwa mubice nka:
· Amashanyarazi ya electrostatike
Imiti ya adsorption
· Π-bond (electronique delocalized) adsorption
Inhibitor organique ikoreshwa cyane kandi igenda yihuta, ariko kandi ifite ibibi, nka:
· Kwanduza ibicuruzwa (cyane cyane mubikorwa bijyanye nibiribwa) - mugihe bifite akamaro muri pro imwe
icyiciro cyo kugabanuka, birashobora kuba bibi mubindi.
· Kubuza ibyifuzo byifuzwa (urugero, gutinda gukuraho firime mugihe cyo gufata aside).
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3. Inhibitori ya Vapor-Phase?
Ibi nibintu bihindagurika cyane birimo amatsinda yimikorere ya ruswa-yangiza, cyane cyane ikoreshwa mukurinda ibice byicyuma mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara (akenshi muburyo bukomeye). Imyuka yabo irekura amatsinda akomeye yo kubuza ikirere mu kirere, hanyuma agashyira hejuru yicyuma kugirango buhoro buhoro.
Byongeye kandi, ni inhibitori ya adsorptive, bivuze ko hejuru yicyuma gikingiwe ntigisaba gukuraho ingese mbere.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-09-2025