O vaila'au fa'a ... O vaega 'āsitika e tele lava o vaega carboxyl, sulfonic acid, po'o vaega phosphate, a'o vaega autū o vaega amino po'o vaega quaternary ammonium. E mafai ona fa'afefiloi ma anionic ma nonionic surfactants ma e tete'e i 'āsitika, alkalis, masima, ma masima u'amea alkaline earth.
I le taimi nei, o vailaʻau faʻapitoa amphoteric e masani ona faʻaaogaina e tele lava ina iai vaega carboxylate o latou vaega anionic, ma ni nai vaega o loʻo iai vaega sulfonate; o latou vaega cationic e tele lava ina amine salts poʻo quaternary ammonium salts. O i latou e iai amine salts o le cationic moiety e taʻua o amino acid type; o i latou e iai quaternary ammonium salts o le cationic moiety e taʻua o betaine type.
- Ituaiga amino acid
O le vai o le amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants e alkaline. A fa'aopoopo malie le hydrochloric acid a'o fa'agae'etia, e leai se suiga pe a tumau le neutral o le vai. E tupu se precipitate pe a tumau teisi le acidic o le vai. Afai e fa'aopoopo atili le hydrochloric acid e fa'amalosia ai le acidic o le vai, e toe liu suavai le precipitate. O lona uiga e amio o se anionic surfactant i se siosiomaga alkaline ma o se cationic surfactant i se siosiomaga acidic. Peita'i, pe a paleni lelei meatotino cationic ma anionic i le isoelectric point, e fa'aitiitia le hydrophilicity, ma i'u ai i le fausiaina o se precipitate. O le anion i le molecule o se carboxyl group, ma o le cation o se ammonium salt. O lenei ituaiga surfactant e fa'aalia ai gaioiga eseese i luga ma suiga i le pH o le medium. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, e mafai ona liua le dodecylaminopropionic acid (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-) i le sodium dodecylaminopropionate (C12H25NHCH2CH2COO-Na+) i totonu o se sodium hydroxide medium, e galue e pei o se anionic surfactant e mafai ona solo i le vai. I totonu o se hydrochloric acid medium, e mafai ona liua i le hydrochloride masima o le dodecylaminopropionic acid [(C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COOH)Cl-], e galue e pei o se cationic surfactant e mafai ona solo i le vai. Afai e fetuʻunaʻi le pH o le medium ina ia paleni lelei ai totogi lelei ma totogi leaga, ona liua lea i se masima i totonu (C12H25N+H2CH2CH2COO-), lea e le mafai ona solo i le vai ma e faʻaputu ese. O le pH i le taimi nei e taʻua o le isoelectric point. Ina ia faʻatinoina atoatoa le aʻafiaga o amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants, e tatau ona faʻaaogaina i ni vaifofo vai ma se pH e ese mai le isoelectric point. O mea masani e faʻaaogaina i le sauniuniga o amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants e aofia ai amines muamua aliphatic maualuga, methyl acrylate (tagaʻi i le acrylate esters), acrylonitrile, ma le chloroacetic acid.
- Bituaiga etaine
O vaila'au fa'a-amphoteric Betaine e sili ona taatele le faigofie ona solu i vai pe o'o lava i le acidic, neutral pe alkaline. E le fa'aputuina e tusa lava pe i le isoelectric point. E le gata i lea, e iai fo'i o latou uiga lelei e pei o le permeability, detergent ma le antistatic performance. O le mea lea, o ni emulsifiers ma ni softener lelei.
Carboxybetaine
O le anion i totonu o le molecule o se vaega carboxyl, ma o le cation o se vaega ammonium quaternary. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, alkyl dimethyl betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2COO-], lea e 12 i le 18 atomu kaponi o le vaega alkyl R. Pe a faʻatusatusa i ituaiga amino acid, e mafai e ituaiga betaine ona faʻataʻapeʻapeina i le vai i totonu o mea faʻasusu, neutral, poʻo alkaline, ma e le faʻaputuina e tusa lava pe i le isoelectric point, o lea e mafai ai ona faʻaaogaina i vaifofo vai ma soʻo se pH. I totonu o mea faʻasusu, pe a maualalo le pH o le isoelectric point, e amio o se cationic surfactant e mafai ona sosolo i le vai [[RN+(CH3)2CH2COOH]Cl-]; i totonu o mea faʻasusu poʻo alkaline, o lona uiga, pe a tutusa pe maualuga atu le pH nai lo le isoelectric point, e amio o se amphoteric surfactant e mafai ona sosolo i le vai ma e le amio o se anionic surfactant. E masani ona fausia e Amphoteric surfactants ni precipitates ma anionic surfactants i totonu o mea faʻasusu. E mafai ona fa'aaogaina fa'atasi ma so'o se ituaiga o surfactant i totonu o ala o faasalalauga e eseese tau o le pH. O mea masani e fa'aaogaina mo le sauniaina o betaine-type amphoteric surfactants e aofia ai le alkyl dimethyl tertiary amines ma le sodium chloroacetate, ma isi.
Sulfobetaine
O le vaega anionic i totonu o le molecule o le vaega sulfo (SO3-), ma le vaega cationic o le vaega quaternary ammonium. O mea e masani ona faʻaaogaina o le alkyl dimethyl sulfonethyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2SO3-] ma le alkyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaines [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH2CH2SO3-]. O le aofaʻi o atomu kaponi i le vaega alkyl R i totonu o faʻataʻitaʻiga e mai le 12 i le 18. O Sulfobetaines e iai ona meatotino atoatoa; e le gata ina iai uma lelei o betaines masani ae iai foʻi lelei tulaga ese e pei o le teteʻe atu i le maualuga o le faʻaputuga o acids, alkalis, ma masima. I le taimi nei, o le hydroxy sulfopropyl [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2SO3-] e faʻaaogaina e sui ai le sulfopropyl betaines, lea e gaosia ai mea e afaina ai le tino o le tagata i le taimi o le gaosiga. Ona o le iai o vaega anionic ma cationic faatasi ai ma vaega hydroxyl i lo latou fausaga, e le gata ina iai uma lelei o amphoteric surfactants ae e tete'e atu foi i le maualuga o le acids, alkalis, ma masima, lelei o le emulsifying, dispersing, ma le antistatic properties, faapea foi ma bactericidal, antifungal, ma viscoelastic properties. O surfactants ia e sili ona lelei le faatinoga lautele ma ua faaaogaina lautele i vaega eseese e pei o vailaau i aso taitasi, displacement oil field, fracturing, ma acidizing.
Fosfolipid betaine
O le vaega anionic i le molecule o le vaega phosphate (HPO4-), ma le vaega cationic o le vaega quaternary ammonium. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, alkyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine [RN+(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH2HPO4-], lea e 12 i le 18 atomu kaponi le vaega alkyl R. O lenei fausaga e iloa ai e le gata ina iai ona uiga lelei o amphoteric surfactants e pei o le susu, faʻamamā, solubilization, emulsifying ma dispersing properties, antistatic properties, thermal stiffness, faʻapea foʻi ma le fetaui lelei, maualalo le itaitagofie, ma lelei i luga o anionic surfactants lautele e pei o le sili atu le teteʻe atu i le alkali, electrolyte resistance, ma antistatic properties, ae iai foʻi le malosi o le calcium soap dispersibility, maualalo le surface tension, ma le faʻaleleia atili o le foaming performance.
Taimi na lafoina ai: Fepuari-04-2026