Ma surfactants ane mashandisirwo akawanda mukuvaka asphalt pavement, kunyanya kusanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:
1. Sezvinhu zvinodziya zvinosanganisa
(1) Maitiro Ekuita
Zvinowedzerwa musanganiswa zvinodziya imhando yesurfactant (semuenzaniso, zvinowedzerwa musanganiswa zvinodziya zverudzi rweAPTL) zvinoumbwa nemapoka elipophilic nehydrophilic muchimiro chazvo chemamorekuru. Munguva yekusanganiswa kwemusanganiswa weasphalt, zvinowedzerwa musanganiswa zvinodziya zvinopfapfaidzwa muhari yekusanganisa pamwe chete neasphalt. Pasi pekumutswa kwemechanical, mapoka elipophilic anobatanidzwa neasphalt, nepo mamorekuru emvura akasara achibatana nemapoka ehydrophilic kugadzira firimu remvura rechimiro pakati pemaaggregates akafukidzwa neasphalt. Firimu remvura iri rinoshanda semafuta, richisimudzira kushanda kwemusanganiswa panguva yekusanganisa. Munguva yekurongedza nekusimbisa, firimu remvura rechimiro rinoramba richipa mafuta, richiwedzera kumhanya kwekugadzira uye richirerutsira kumanikidzana kwemusanganiswa. Mushure mekunge kumanikidzana kwapera, mamorekuru emvura anonyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma, uye surfactant inotama ichienda kune imwe nzvimbo iri pakati peasphalt neaggregates, ichisimbisa mashandiro ekubatanidza pakati peaggregates neasphalt binder.
(2) Zvakanakira
Zvinowedzerwa zvinosanganiswa zvinodziya zvinogona kuderedza tembiricha yekusanganisa, kugadzira mapani, uye kusimbaradza ne30–60°C, zvichiwedzera mwaka wekuvaka kusvika panzvimbo dziri pamusoro pe0°C. Zvinoderedza kuburitsa kweCO₂ neinenge 50% uye kuburitsa magasi ane chepfu (semuenzaniso, utsi hweasphalt) neinopfuura 80%. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinodzivirira kukwegura kweasphalt, zvinovimbisa kunaka kwekusimbaradza uye kushanda kwekuvaka, uye zvinowedzera hupenyu hwebasa reasphalt pavements. Uyezve, kushandiswa kwezvinowedzerwa zvinodziya zvinogona kuwedzera kubuda kwezvirimwa zvinosanganisa ne20–25% uye kuwedzera kumhanya kwepaving/compaction ne10–20%, nokudaro zvichivandudza kushanda kwekuvaka uye kupfupisa nguva yekuvaka.
2. SeAsphalt Emulsifiers
(1) Kupatsanura uye Hunhu
Ma-emulsifier e-asphalt ma-surfactants akapatsanurwa zvichienderana nehunhu hweionic mumhando dzecationic, anionic, non-ionic, uye amphoteric. Ma-emulsifier e-cationic asphalt anonamira pa-negative charge aggregates kuburikidza ne-positive charges, zvichipa kunamira kwakasimba—zvichiita kuti anyatsokodzera nzvimbo dzine hunyoro uye dzinonaya mvura. Ma-emulsifier e-anionic, kunyange zvazvo asingadhuri, haana simba rekudzivirira mvura uye ari kutsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Ma-emulsifier asiri e-ionic neamphoteric anosangana nezvinodiwa nemamiriro ekunze akakosha. Akarongwa nekumhanya kwe-demulsification, anosanganisira kunonoka-kuisa (kunoshandiswa pakusunga slurry uye kudzokorodza kutonhora), pakati nepakati (kuenzanisa nguva yekuvhura nekumhanya kwekuporesa), uye kukurumidza-kuisa (kunoshandiswa pakurapa pamusoro kuti zvigonese kupora nekukurumidza uye kuvhurwa kwemigwagwa).
(2) Mamiriro Ekushandisa
Zvishandiso zveasphalt zvinogonesa kusanganisa zvinhu zvinotonhora uye kugadzira zvinhu zvinotonhora zvinobvisa kudiwa kwekudziya asphalt, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba neanopfuura 30% - mukana mukuru munzvimbo dziri kure dzemakomo kana kugadzirisa migwagwa yemumaguta nekukurumidza. Zvinoshandiswawo pakugadzirisa migwagwa yekare (semuenzaniso, slurry seal) kugadzirisa migwagwa yekare uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa nemakore 5-8. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinotsigira kudzokorodza zvinhu zvinotonhora zviri munzvimbo iyoyo, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvekare zveasphalt pavement zvidzokororwe 100% uye zvinoderedza mitengo ne20%.
3. Kuvandudza Kushanda Kwesimbi yeAsphalt Yakachekwa Nemisanganiswa Yayo
(1) Mhedzisiro
MaSurfactants akagadzirwa nekuwedzera ma "heavy oil viscosity reducers" (AMS) neSpan80, kana akawedzerwa ku "cutback asphalt", anoderedza zvakanyanya kushushikana kwepadenga pa "asphalt-aggregate interface" uye anoderedza kusimba kwe "cutback asphalt". Izvi zvinoita kuti musanganiswa ushande zvakanaka uku uchideredza dhiziri. Kubatanidzwa kwe "compound surfactants" kunowedzera kupararira kwe "asphalt" pamusoro pe "aggregate surfaces", kunoderedza kuramba panguva ye "paving", uye kunowedzera mwero wekupedzisira we "cutback asphalt mixes" - zvichivandudza kuenzana kwe "mixing" uye "paving/compaction performance".
(2) Maitiro
Zvinhu zvinosanganisa mvura zvinoshandura kugadzikana kwemvura pakati peasphalt neaggregates, zvichiita kuti musanganiswa weasphalt urambe uchishanda zvakanaka kunyangwe paine musanganiswa wakaderera wemvura. Pamusanganiswa wesurfactant we1.0–1.5%, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira nekubatanidza asphalt mixes kwakaenzana nekuwedzera 4–6% yedhiziri diluent, zvichibvumira musanganiswa kuti uwane kuenzana kwakafanana kwekusanganisa uye kushanda kwesimba.
4. Kudzokorodza Magwagwa eAsphalt nechando
(1) Nzira Yokushandisazve Zvinhu Zvakare
Ma emulsifier easphalt anodzokororwazve muchando ndiwo ma surfactants anoparadzira asphalt kuita tuma micro-particles kuburikidza nekushanda kwemakemikari uye kuadzikamisa mumvura, nebasa rawo guru richigonesa kugadzirwa kweasphalt mukupisa kwekunze. Mamorekuru e emulsifier anoumba jira re adsorption rakanangana ne asphalt-aggregate interface, achidzivirira kukurwa kwemvura—zvikurukuru inoshanda kune acidic aggregates. Panguva iyi, zvikamu zvemafuta mashoma muasphalt inosanganiswa zvinopinda muasphalt yekare, zvichidzorera kuchinjika kwayo uye zvichiwedzera mwero wekudzokororwa kwezvinhu zvakadzokororwa.
(2) Zvakanakira
Tekinoroji yekudzokorodza zvinhu munguva yechando inogonesa kusanganisa nekuvaka zvinhu panguva yekupisa, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba ne50–70% zvichienzaniswa nekudzokorodza zvinhu panguva yekupisa uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo inopisa. Izvi zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pakudzokorodza zvinhu uye budiriro inoenderera mberi.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-09-2025