1.Masurfactants ekuburitsa mafuta akawanda
Nekuda kwekuoma kwakanyanya uye kusanyoroka kwemafuta anorema, kuburitswa kwawo kunonetsa zvikuru. Kuti mafuta anorema akadaro awanezve, mvura ine masurfactants dzimwe nguva inopinzwa mumvura kuti ishandure mafuta anorema kuita emulsion ine mafuta anorema mumvura, iyo inogona kupombwa pamusoro.
Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukuderedza mafuta akawanda zvinosanganisa emulsification ne viscosity zvinosanganisira sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, uye sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.
Emulsion yemafuta anobviswa mumvura inoda kupatsanurwa kwemvura, iyo inoshandiswawo mumaindasitiri sema demulsifiers. Aya ma demulsifiers iwater-in-oil emulsifiers. Anowanzoshandiswa anosanganisira cationic surfactants kana naphthenic acids, asphaltic acids, uye polyvalent metal salts dzawo.
Kune crudes dzakasimba dzisingakwanise kuburitswa uchishandisa nzira dzemazuva ano dzekupomba, kupinza nemhepo kuti kudzoreredze kupisa kunodiwa. Kuti kuwedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwekupisa, ma surfactants anodiwa. Imwe nzira inowanzo shandiswa ndeyekuisa furo mugomba rekuisa furo—kunyanya, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya pamwe chete nemagasi asingapindi mvura.
Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakufuridzira furo zvinosanganisira alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, uye sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Nekuda kwekushanda kwavo pamusoro uye kugadzikana kwavo pakurwisa acids, bases, oxygen, heat, uye oil, fluorinated surfactants ndiyo yakanaka pakupisa kwepamusoro.
Kuti zvive nyore kuti mafuta akapararira apfuure nepaburi rehuro kana kuti mafuta ari pamusoro pehuro ave nyore kubvisa, ma surfactants anozivikanwa se thin-film spreading agents anoshandiswa. Muenzaniso wakajairika i oxalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2.Masurfactants ekubvisa mafuta asina kuchena ane waxy
Kubvisa mafuta asina kucheneswa akaita sewakisi kunoda kudzivirira uye kubvisa wakisi nguva nenguva. Mishonga inoshandiswa pakubvisa wakisi inoshanda semishonga inodzivirira wakisi uye separafini.
Pakudzivirira wakisi, kune ma surfactants anonyungudika mumafuta (anochinja hunhu hwepamusoro hwemakristaro ewakisi) uye ma surfactants anonyungudika mumvura (anochinja hunhu hwenzvimbo dzakaiswa wakisi senge machubhu, ma sucker rods, uye michina). Ma surfactants anonyungudika mumafuta anowanzo sanganisira petroleum sulfonates uye ma surfactants emhando yeamine. Sarudzo dzinonyungudika mumvura dzinosanganisira sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic polyoxyethylene ethers, uye sodium sulfonate derivatives dzavo.
Pakubvisa parafini, ma surfactants anoiswawo muzvikamu zviviri: anonyungudika mumafuta (anoshandiswa mumafuta anobvisa parafini) uye anonyungudika mumvura (akadai se sulfonate-type, quaternary ammonium-type, polyether-type, Tween-type, OP-type surfactants, uye sulfate/sulfonated PEG-type kana OP-type surfactants).
Mumakore achangopfuura, tsika dzemuno nedzepasi rose dzakabatanidza kudzivirira nekubvisa wakisi, dzichibatanidza zvinobvisa mafuta nemvura zvinosanganisa paraffin dispersants. Izvi zvinoshandisa aromatic hydrocarbons sechikamu chemafuta uye emulsifiers ine simba rekunyungudutsa parafini sechikamu chemvura. Kana emulsifier iine nzvimbo yakakodzera yegore (tembiricha yainova nemakore), inobvisa wakisi pasi penzvimbo yekuisa wakisi, ichiburitsa zvikamu zvese kuti zvishande panguva imwe chete.
3.Masurfactants ekushaikwa kwemafuta asina kuchena
Mukutsvaga mafuta ekutanga neanotevera, zvinhu zvinobvisa mafuta mumvura zvinonyanya kushandiswa. Zvizvarwa zvitatu zvezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa:
1. Chizvarwa chekutanga: Carboxylates, sulfates, uye sulfonates.
2. Chizvarwa chechipiri: Zvishandiso zve nonionic zvinorema zvishoma (semuenzaniso, OP, PEG, uye sulfonated castor oil).
3. Chizvarwa chechitatu: Zvishandiso zve nonionic zvine huremu hwakawanda.
Muchikamu chekupedzisira chekupora kwechipiri uye chechitatu chekupora, mafuta asina kucheneswa anowanzo kuwanikwa semusanganiswa wemvura mumafuta. Ma demulsifiers anowira muzvikamu zvina:
·Munyu weQuaternary ammonium (semuenzaniso, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), iyo inoshanda neanionic emulsifiers kuchinja HLB yavo (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) kana kunamatira pazvidimbu zvevhu zvakanyorova mumvura, zvichichinja kunyorova.
· Anionic surfactants (inoshanda semafuta-mu-mvura emulsifiers) uye nonionic surfactants inonyungudika mumafuta, inoshandawo pakupwanya emulsions yemvura-mu-mafuta.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-17-2025