1.Surfactants for Heavy Oil Extraction
Nekuda kweiyo yakakwira viscosity uye kushomeka kwemvura yemafuta anorema, kubviswa kwayo kunounza matambudziko makuru. Kuti udzore oiri inorema kudaro, mushonga une mvura weva surfactants dzimwe nguva unobairwa mutsime kuti ushandure iyo yakanyanya viscous crude kuita yakaderera-viscosity mafuta-mu-mvura emulsion, iyo inokwanisa kupomba kumusoro.
The surfactants anoshandiswa iyi inorema emulsification oiri uye viscosity kuderedza nzira anosanganisira sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl doro ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, uye sodium polyoxyethylene alkylte doro ether.
Iyo yakabviswa mafuta-mu-mvura emulsion inoda kupatsanurwa kwemvura, iyo maindasitiri ma surfactants anoshandiswawo se demulsifiers. Aya ma demulsifiers emvura-mu-oiri emulsifiers. Zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinosanganisira cationic surfactants kana naphthenic acids, asphaltic acids, uye yavo polyvalent metal salts.
Kune kunyanya viscous crudes isingakwanisi kutorwa uchishandisa nzira dzakajairwa dzekupomba, jekiseni rehutsi kuti udzore kupisa kunodiwa. Kuti uwedzere kupisa kupora kushanda zvakanaka, ma surfactants anodiwa. Imwe nzira yakajairika ndeyekubaya furo mujekiseni reutsi mutsime-kunyanya, maajenti anopupa asingadziviriri pamwe chete nemagasi asingabatike.
Anowanzo shandiswa kupupa zvinhu anosanganisira alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, uye sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Nekuda kwekuita kwavo kwepamusoro kwepamusoro uye kugadzikana kunopesana nemaasidhi, mabhesi, okisijeni, kupisa, uye oiri, fluorinated surfactants ndiyo yakanaka-yepamusoro-tembiricha inopupa.
Kuita kuti kufambiswa kwemafuta akaparadzirwa kuburikidza ne pore-huro chimiro chekuumbwa kana kuita kuti mafuta panzvimbo yekugadzira kuve nyore kubvisa, ma surfactants anozivikanwa seatete-firimu anoparadzira maajenti anoshandiswa. Muenzaniso wakajairika ndeye oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2.Surfactants yeWaxy Crude Oil Extraction
Kubvisa waxy crude oiri kunoda kugarodzivirira uye kubvisa wakisi. Masurfactants anoshanda seese wax inhibitors uye parafini dispersants.
Pakuvharisa wakisi, kune maoiri-soluble surfactants (ayo anoshandura mamiriro epamusoro ewakisi makristasi) uye anonyungudika mumvura (ayo anoshandura zvimiro zvewax-deposition nzvimbo senge tubing, sucker rods, uye midziyo). Kazhinji mafuta-soluble surfactants anosanganisira petroleum sulfonates uye amine-type surfactants. Zvisarudzo zvinonyungudika nemvura zvinosanganisira sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic polyoxyethylene ethers, uye sodium sulfonate derivatives yavo.
Kubvisa parafini, ma surfactants akaiswawo muoiri-soluble (inoshandiswa mumafuta-based parafini inobvisa) uye inonyungudika nemvura (senge sulfonate-type, quaternary ammonium-type, polyether-type, Tween-type, OP-type surfactants, uye sulfate/sulfactants PEG-type surfonated PEG-type).
Mumakore achangopfuura, maitiro epamba nepasirese akabatanidza kudzivirira nekubvisa wakisi, kubatanidza zvinobvisa mafuta-based uye mvura-based kuita mahybrid paraffin dispersants. Aya anoshandisa mahydrocarbon anonhuwirira sechikamu chemafuta uye emulsifiers ane parafini-kunyungudika zvinhu sechikamu chemvura. Kana emulsifier iine gore rakakodzera nzvimbo (tembiricha parinoita makore), inobvisa pazasi penzvimbo yekuisa wax, ichiburitsa zvese zviri zviviri kuti zvishande panguva imwe chete.
3.Surfactants for Crude Oil Dehydration
Mukutanga uye yechipiri mafuta kudzoreredza, mafuta-mu-mvura demulsifiers anonyanya kushandiswa. Zvizvarwa zvitatu zvezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa:
1.Chizvarwa chekutanga: Carboxylates, sulfates, uye sulfonates.
2.Chizvarwa chechipiri: Low-molecular-weight nonionic surfactants (eg, OP, PEG, uye sulfonated castor oil).
3.Chizvarwa chechitatu: High-molecular-weight nonionic surfactants.
Mukunonoka-chikamu chechipiri kupora uye kupora kwepamusoro, mafuta asina kuchena anowanzo kuvepo semvura-mu-oiri emulsions. Demulsifiers inowira muzvikamu zvina:
· Quaternary ammonium munyu (eg, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), iyo inopindirana neanionic emulsifiers kuchinja HLB yavo (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) kana kuti adsorb pamvura-yakanyorova ivhu zvidimbu, kuchinja kunyorova.
·Anionic surfactants (inoita semafuta-mu-mvura emulsifiers) uye mafuta-anonyungudika nonionic surfactants, anoshandawo pakupwanya emulsions yemvura-mu-oiri.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-17-2025