Ndeipi nzira inogona kushandiswa mukudzivirira ngura?

Kazhinji, nzira dzekudzivirira ngura dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru:

1. Sarudzo chaiyo yezvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira.

2. Kusarudza mashandiro akakodzera ekugadzirisa zvinhu uye maumbirwo emidziyo.

Kunyatsotevedzera mitemo yemaitiro ekugadzira makemikari kunogona kubvisa ngura isina basa. Zvisinei, kunyangwe zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvisingakuvadzi ngura zvikashandiswa, maitiro asina kunaka ekushanda anogona kukonzera ngura yakanyanya.

1. Zvinodzivirira Kuora Zvisina Kugadzirwa​

Kazhinji, kuwedzera huwandu hushoma hwezvinhu zvinodzivisa ngura munzvimbo inoparadza kunogona kuderedza ngura yesimbi zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinodzivirira ngura zvinowanzoiswa mumhando nhatu: zvinhu zvisingagadzirisike, zvinhu zveorganic, uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura, imwe neimwe ine nzira dzakasiyana.

• Anodic Inhibitors (inononotsa mashandiro eanodic):

Izvi zvinosanganisira maoxidizer (chromates, nitrites, iron ions, nezvimwewo) zvinokurudzira anodic passivation kana anodic filming agents (alkalis, phosphates, silicates, benzoates, nezvimwewo)​​zvinoumba mafirimu ekudzivirira pamusoro peanode. Anonyanya kuita munzvimbo yeanode, zvichiwedzera anodic polarization. Kazhinji, anodic inhibitors vanoumba firimu rekudzivirira pamusoro peanode, iro rinoshanda zvikuru asi rine njodzi - uwandu husina kukwana hunogona kukonzera firimu risina kuzara, zvichisiya nzvimbo diki dzesimbi dzisina chinhu dzine anodic current density yakakwira, zvichiita kuti ngura iwedzere.

• Cathodic Inhibitors (inoshanda pakuita kwe cathodic):

Mienzaniso inosanganisira maion ecalcium, zinc, magnesium, copper, uye manganese, ayo anoita zvinoenderana nemaion ehydroxide anogadzirwa pa cathode kuti agadzire mahydroxide asinganyungudike. Aya anoumba mafirimu akakora pamusoro pe cathode, achivhara kupararira kweokisijeni uye achiwedzera polarization ye concentration.

• Mixed Inhibitors (inoderedza maitiro eanodic necathodic):

Izvi zvinoda kuyedzwa kwekuyedza kuyera chiyero chakakodzera.

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2. Organic Corrosion Inhibitors​

Zvinodzivirira makemikari zvinoshanda kuburikidza nekunyungudutsa, zvichigadzira firimu risingaonekwe, rakakora semamorekuru pamusoro pesimbi iro panguva imwe chete rinodzvinyirira maitiro eanodic necathodic (kunyange zvazvo riine kushanda kwakasiyana). Zvinodzivirira makemikari akajairika anosanganisira nitrogen-, sulfur-, oxygen-, uye phosphorus-containing compounds. Maitiro avo ekunyungudutsa anoenderana nechimiro chemamorekuru uye anogona kuiswa muzvikamu se:

·Kunyudzwa kwemagetsi​

· Kunyudzwa kwemakemikari

· Kunyudzwa kwe π-bond (delocalized electron)

Mishonga inodzivirira masero emuviri inoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye inokurumidza kuchinja, asi inewo matambudziko, akadai se:

· Kusvibiswa kwechigadzirwa (kunyanya mukushandiswa kwezvekudya)—kunyangwe zvichibatsira mune imwe nyanzvi

Padanho rekudzikisa, zvinogona kukuvadza pane rimwe danho.

·Kudzivisa maitiro anodiwa (semuenzaniso, kuderedza kukurumidza kubviswa kwefirimu panguva yekusvuta acid).

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3. Zvidziviriri zveKuora kweVapor-Phase​

Izvi zvinhu zvinoputika zvine mapoka anoshanda anodzivirira ngura, zvinonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza zvikamu zvesimbi panguva yekuchengetwa nekutakurwa (kazhinji muchimiro chakasimba). Utsi hwazvo hunoburitsa mapoka anodzivirira ngura ari mumhepo ine hunyoro, ayo anobva apinda pamusoro pesimbi kuti ideredze ngura.

Pamusoro pezvo, idzi inodzivirira kunyungudika kwemvura, zvichireva kuti pamusoro pesimbi yakachengetedzwa hapadi kubviswa ngura isati yatanga.

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