1.Surfactants for Heavy oil soo saarista
Sababta oo ah viscosity sare iyo dareere liidata saliidda culus, soo saariddeedu waxay keeneysaa caqabado la taaban karo. Si loo soo kabsado saliidda culus, xal aqueous of surfactants ayaa mararka qaarkood lagu duraa ceelka ceelka si ay u beddelo cayriin aadka u viscosive galay emulsion saliid-in-biyaha ah oo yar-muuqaal ah, kaas oo markaas lagu shubi karaa in dusha.
Surfactants-yada loo isticmaalo emulsification saliidda culus iyo habka dhimista viscosity waxaa ka mid ah sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, iyo sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl khamriga ether sulfate.
Emulsion-ka saliidda ee la soo saaray waxay u baahan tahay kala-soocidda biyaha, taas oo qalabka warshadaha ay sidoo kale u shaqeeyaan sidii demulsifiers. Demulsifier-yadani waa emulsifiers-biyo-saliid. Kuwa sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah cationic surfactants ama naphthenic acids, asphaltic acids, iyo cusbada birta polyvalent.
Gaar ahaan qolof viscous ah oo aan la soo saari karin iyadoo la isticmaalayo hababka bamgareynta caadiga ah, cirbad uumiga soo kabashada kulaylka ayaa loo baahan yahay. Si kor loogu qaado waxtarka soo kabashada kulaylka, surfactants ayaa lagama maarmaan ah. Mid ka mid ah habka caadiga ah ayaa ah in si fiican lagu duro xumbo duridda uumiga si fiican-gaar ahaan, wakiilada xumbo-u- adkaysta heerkulka sare oo ay la socdaan gaas aan karsan karin.
Waxyaabaha sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo xumboynta waxaa ka mid ah alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, iyo polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers sulfonated. Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay dhaqdhaqaaqooda sare ee dusha sare iyo xasilloonida ka dhanka ah asiidhka, saldhigyada, ogsijiinta, kulaylka, iyo saliidda, surfactants fluorinated ayaa ah wakiilada xumbo-xarafeedka sare ee ku habboon.
Si loo fududeeyo marinka saliidda kala firdhisan ee qaabka dalool-cunaha ee samaynta ama si saliidda dusha sare ee samaynta looga dhigo mid sahlan in la baro, surfactants oo loo yaqaan walxaha faafinta khafiifka ah ayaa la isticmaalaa. Tusaalaha caadiga ah waa oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2.Surfactants loogu talagalay soo saarista saliidda cayriin ee Waxy
Soo saarista saliidda cayriin ee waxy waxay u baahan tahay ka-hortag iyo ka saarid joogto ah. Surfactants-ku waxay u adeegaan sidii ka celiyeyaasha wax-ka-hortagga iyo kala-firdhinta paraffin labadaba.
Ka-hortagga wax-soo-saarka, waxaa jira surfactants saliid-milmi leh (kuwaas oo beddelaya sifooyinka dusha sare ee kiristaalo wax-ka-soo-saarka) iyo kuwa biyaha-milmi kara (kuwaas oo wax ka beddelaya sifooyinka sagxadaha wax-ku-dhigista sida tubbada, ulo-nuujinta, iyo qalabka). Surfactants-ka saliidda ee caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah sulfonates petroleum iyo surfactants nooca aminiga ah. Ikhtiyaarada biyaha lagu milmi karo waxaa ka mid ah sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, ethers polyoxyethylene caraf udgoon, iyo derivatives sodium sulfonate.
Ka saarista paraffin, surfactants sidoo kale waxaa loo kala saaraa saliid-milmi leh (oo loo isticmaalo nadiifiyeyaasha paraffin ku salaysan saliidda) iyo biyaha-milla (sida sulfonate-nooca, nooca ammonium-quaternary, nooca polyether-ka, nooca Tween-type, OP-type surfactants, iyo sulfate/sulfonated PEG-nooca surfac ama OPs).
Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, dhaqamada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah waxay isku darsadeen ka hortagga iyo saarista dhuka, iyagoo isku daray kuwa saliidda ku salaysan iyo kuwa biyaha ku salaysan ee kala firdhiya paraffin. Kuwani waxay u isticmaalaan hydrocarbons caraf udgoon sida marxaladda saliidda iyo emulsifiers leh walxaha-kala dirida paraffin sida wejiga biyaha. Marka emulsifier-ku uu leeyahay barta daruuriga ah ee ku habboon (heerkulka uu noqonayo daruuro), wuxuu hoos u dhigaa aagga wax lagu shubo, isaga oo sii daaya labada qayboodba si ay isku mar u shaqeeyaan.
3.Surfactants for Fuuq-baxa Saliida Ceyriin
Soo kabashada saliidda aasaasiga ah iyo sare, bakhtiiyeyaasha saliidda ku jira biyaha ayaa inta badan la isticmaalaa. Saddex jiil oo badeecooyin ah ayaa la sameeyay:
1. Jiilka koowaad: Carboxylates, sulfates, iyo sulfonates.
2.Jiilka labaad: Surfactants nonionic-cusub-molecular-hooseeya (tusaale, OP, PEG, iyo saliid castor sulfonated).
3. Jiilka saddexaad: Surfactants nonionic-miisaanka-molecular-sare.
Soo kabashada heerka dambe ee heerka labaad iyo soo kabashada jaamacadda, saliidda cayriin badanaa waxay u jirtaa sida emulions-ka-saliidka. Demulsifiers waxay u kala baxaan afar qaybood:
· Quaternary ammonium cusbada (tusaale, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), kuwaas oo ka falceliya emulsifiers anionic si ay u beddelaan HLB (Hydrofilic-lipophilic dheelitirka) ama adsorb dul dhoobo biyo-qoyan, beddelo qoyan.
· Surfactants-ka anonic (oo u shaqeeya sidii emulsifiers saliid-ku-jira biyaha) iyo surfactants nonionic-ku-milmi kara, sidoo kale wax ku ool u ah jebinta emulsyada biyaha-ku jirta saliidda.
Waqtiga boostada: Seb-17-2025