1.Surfactants-ka soo saarista saliidda culus
Sababtoo ah daxalka sare iyo dareeraha liita ee saliidda culus, soo saaristeedu waxay keentaa caqabado muhiim ah. Si loo soo celiyo saliidda culus ee noocaas ah, xal biyood ah oo ka kooban walxaha surfactants ayaa mararka qaarkood lagu duraa godka si loo beddelo saliidda aadka u daxalka badan una beddelo emulsion saliid-ku-jirta biyaha, kaas oo markaa lagu shubi karo dusha sare.
Waxyaabaha surfactants-ka loo isticmaalo habkan yareynta viscosity-ga saliidda culus waxaa ka mid ah sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, iyo sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.
Emulsion-ka saliidda ku jirta biyaha ee la soo saaray wuxuu u baahan yahay kala soocidda biyaha, kaas oo surfactants-ka warshadaha sidoo kale loo isticmaalo sidii demulsifiers. Demulsifiers-yadan waa emulsifiers-ka biyaha ku jira. Kuwa caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah cationic surfactants ama naphthenic acids, asfaltic acids, iyo milixdooda birta ee polyvalent.
Qashinka aan la soo saari karin ee aan la isticmaali karin hababka bamgareynta caadiga ah, waxaa loo baahan yahay duritaan uumi ah si loo soo celiyo kulaylka. Si loo xoojiyo waxtarka soo kabashada kulaylka, walxaha surfactants-ka ayaa lagama maarmaan ah. Hal hab oo caadi ah waa in si fiican loogu duro xumbo irbadda uumiga - gaar ahaan, walxaha xumbada u adkaysta heerkulka sare iyo gaasaska aan la isku qasin karin.
Walxaha xumbaynta ee si caadi ah loo isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, iyo sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Sababtoo ah firfircoonidooda sare ee dusha sare iyo xasilloonida ka dhanka ah asiidhyada, saldhigyada, oksijiinta, kulaylka, iyo saliidda, surfactants fluorinated waa wakiilada xumbaynta heerkulka sare leh ee ku habboon.
Si loo fududeeyo marinka saliidda kala firdhisan iyada oo loo marayo qaab-dhismeedka daloolka cunaha ee samayska ama si saliidda dusha sare ee samayska looga dhigo mid fudud in la beddelo, waxaa la isticmaalaa walxaha faafinta filimada khafiifka ah. Tusaale caadi ah waa walxaha polymer-ka ee resin phenolic resin ee oxyalkylated.
2.Surfactants-ka soo saarista Saliidda Cayriin ee Waxy
Soo saarista saliidda cayriin ee shamacaysan waxay u baahan tahay ka hortag iyo ka saarid joogto ah oo shamac ah. Waxyaabaha surfactants-ku waxay u adeegaan sidii daawooyinka joojiya shamacyada iyo kuwa kala firdhiya paraffin-ka.
Si looga hortago wax-soo-saarka, waxaa jira walxo-soo-saarid saliid ku milma (kuwaas oo beddela sifooyinka dusha sare ee kiristaalo wax) iyo walxo-soo-saarid biyo ku milma (kuwaas oo wax ka beddela sifooyinka dusha sare ee wax-soo-saarid sida tuubooyinka, ulaha nuugista, iyo qalabka). Waxyaabaha-soo-saarid saliid ku milma ee caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah sulfonates-ka batroolka iyo walxaha-soo-saarid nooca amine. Xulashooyinka biyaha ku milma waxaa ka mid ah sodium alkyl sulfonate, cusbooyinka ammonium quaternary, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic polyoxyethylene ethers, iyo waxyaabaha ka soo baxa sodium sulfonate.
Si looga saaro paraffin-ka, surfactants-ka waxaa sidoo kale loo kala saaraa kuwa ku milma saliidda (oo loo isticmaalo kuwa ka saara paraffin-ka ku salaysan saliidda) iyo kuwa ku milma biyaha (sida nooca sulfonate, nooca quaternary ammonium-type, nooca polyether-type, nooca Tween-type, nooca OP-type, iyo nooca sulfate/sulfonated PEG-type ama nooca OP-type surfactants).
Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, dhaqamada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah waxay isku dareen ka hortagga iyo ka saarista shamaca, iyagoo isku daraya kuwa ka saara saliidda iyo biyaha ee ku salaysan kala firdhiyaha paraffin-ka isku dhafan. Kuwani waxay isticmaalaan hydrocarbons udgoon sida wejiga saliidda iyo emulsifiers oo leh sifooyin kala firdhiya paraffin sida wejiga biyaha. Marka emulsifier-ku uu leeyahay meel daruur ah oo ku habboon (heerkulka uu daruur noqdo), wuxuu ka saaraa meesha ka hooseysa aagga dhigista shamaca, isagoo sii deynaya labada qaybood si ay isku mar u shaqeeyaan.
3.Surfactants-ka loogu talagalay Qalajinta Saliidda Cayriin
Soo kabashada saliidda aasaasiga ah iyo tan labaad, waxaa inta badan la isticmaalaa qalabka nadiifinta saliidda ee biyaha ku jira. Saddex jiil oo badeecooyin ah ayaa la sameeyay:
1. Jiilka koowaad: Carboxylates, sulfates, iyo sulfonates.
2. Jiilka labaad: Surfactants-ka aan ionic ahayn ee miisaanka yar ee molecular-ka (tusaale ahaan, OP, PEG, iyo saliidda castor-ka ee sulfonated).
3. Jiilka saddexaad: Surfactants-ka aan ionic ahayn ee miisaanka sare leh ee molecular-ka.
Soo kabashada heerka labaad ee dambe iyo soo kabashada saddexaad, saliidda cayriin badanaa waxay u jirtaa sidii emulsions biyo-ku-jira saliidda. Demulsifiers waxay u qaybsan yihiin afar qaybood:
Cusbo ammonium ah oo Quaternary ah (tusaale ahaan, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), kuwaas oo la falgala emulsifiers anionic si ay u beddelaan HLB-kooda (dheelitirka hydrophilic-lipophilic) ama u nuugaan walxaha dhoobada biyaha-qoyan, iyagoo beddelaya qoyaanka.
· Surfactants-ka Anionic (oo u shaqeeya sida emulsifiers-ka saliidda ku jira biyaha) iyo surfactants-ka aan ionic-ka ahayn ee saliidda ku milma, sidoo kale waxtar u leh jebinta emulsions-ka biyaha ku jira saliidda.
Waqtiga boostada: Sebtembar-17-2025