1.Surfactants bakeng sa ho ntšoa ha oli e boima
Ka lebaka la viscosity e phahameng le metsi a fokolang a oli e boima, ho ntšoa ha eona ho baka mathata a maholo. Ho khutlisa oli e boima joalo, ka linako tse ling motsoako o nang le metsi oa li-surfactants o kenngoa ka har'a seliba ho fetola crude e hlakileng haholo hore e be emulsion ea oli e kenang metsing e nang le viscosity e tlase, ebe e ka pompeloa holimo.
Li-surfactants tse sebelisoang mokhoeng ona o boima oa emulsification le ho fokotsa viscosity li kenyelletsa sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, le sodium polyoxyethylene alkylte alcohol ether.
Emulsion ea oli e nkiloeng ka metsing e hloka karohano ea metsi, eo li-surfactants tsa indasteri le tsona li sebelisoang e le li-demulsifiers. Li-demulsifiers tsena ke li-emulsifiers tsa metsi ka har'a oli. Tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo li kenyelletsa li-cationic surfactants kapa naphthenic acids, asphaltic acid, le letsoai la tsona la polyvalent.
Bakeng sa li-crude tsa viscous tse ke keng tsa ntšoa ka mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho pompa, ho hlokahala ente ea mouoane bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha mocheso. Ho ntlafatsa katleho ea mocheso, li-surfactants lia hlokahala. Tsela e 'ngoe e tloaelehileng ke ho kenya foam ka har'a ente ea mouoane hantle-haholo-holo, li-foaming agents tse hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng hammoho le likhase tse sa tsitsang.
Lintho tse atisang ho sebelisoa tse kang alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, le sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea tsona e phahameng le botsitso khahlano le li-acids, metheo, oksijene, mocheso le oli, li-fluorinated surfactants ke lisebelisoa tse loketseng tse futhumatsang mocheso o phahameng.
Ho nolofatsa tsela ea oli e qhalakaneng ka sebopeho sa pore-throat ea sebopeho kapa ho etsa hore oli e holim'a sebopeho e be bonolo ho falla, ho sebelisoa li-surfactants tse tsejoang e le li-thin-film spreading agents. Mohlala o tloaelehileng ke oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2.Surfactants for Waxy Crude Oil Extraction
Ho ntša oli e tala ea boka ho hloka thibelo le ho tlosoa kamehla. Li-surfactants li sebetsa e le li-wax inhibitors le li- dispersants tsa parafine.
Bakeng sa ho thibela boka, ho na le li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli (tse fetolang thepa ea bokaholimo ba likristale tsa boka) le li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka metsing (tse fetolang thepa ea bokaholimo ba boka, joalo ka li-tubing, li-sucker rods le lisebelisoa). Li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng tse qhibilihang ka oli li kenyelletsa petroleum sulfonates le li-surfactants tsa mofuta oa amine. Likhetho tse qhibilihang ka metsing li kenyelletsa sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatics polyoxyethylene ethers, le lintho tse tsoang ho tsona tsa sodium sulfonate.
Bakeng sa ho tlosoa ha parafine, li-surfactants li boetse li arotsoe ka oli e qhibilihang (e sebelisoang ho li-removers tsa parafine tse thehiloeng ka oli) le tse qhibilihang metsing (joalo ka mofuta oa sulfonate, mofuta oa quaternary ammonium, polyether-type, Tween-type, OP-type surfactants, le sulfate/sulfactants OPEG-type or surfonated PEG-type).
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, litloaelo tsa malapeng le tsa machaba li kopantsoe ho thibela le ho tlosa boka, ho kopanya lihlahisoa tse tlosang oli le metsi hore e be li-parafini tse nyalisitsoeng. Tsena li sebelisa li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate joalo ka mokhahlelo oa oli le li-emulsifiers tse nang le thepa ea ho qhibiliha ea parafine joalo ka karolo ea metsi. Ha emulsifier e e-na le sebaka se loketseng sa maru (thempereichara eo ho eona ho fifalang), e senya ka tlas'a sebaka sa boka ba boka, e lokolla likarolo tse peli hore li sebetse ka nako e le 'ngoe.
3.Li-surfactants bakeng sa ho felloa ke metsi ka oli e tala
Phetohong ea oli ea mantlha le ea bobeli, li-demulsifiers tsa oli ka metsing li sebelisoa haholo. Ho entsoe meloko e meraro ea lihlahisoa:
1.Moloko oa pele: Carboxylates, sulfates, le sulfonates.
2.Moloko oa bobeli: Li-surfactants tse tlaase tsa molecular-weight nonionic (mohlala, OP, PEG, le oli ea sulfonated castor).
3.Moloko oa boraro: Li-surfactants tsa nonionic tse phahameng-molek'hule-boima.
Nakong ea ho hlaphoheloa ha morao-rao le ho hlaphoheloa ha maemo a phahameng, oli e tala hangata e ba teng e le li-emulsions tsa metsi ka har'a oli. Li-demulsifiers li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e mene:
·Matsoai a ammonium a quaternary (mohlala, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), a itšoarang ka li-anionic emulsifiers ho fetola HLB ea tsona (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) kapa a adsorb holim'a likaroloana tsa letsopa tse metsi, ho fetola ho mongobo.
·Anionic surfactants (e sebetsang e le li-emulsifiers tsa oli-ka-metsing) le li-nonionic surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli, hape li sebetsa bakeng sa ho pshatla li-emulsion tsa metsi ka har'a oli.
Nako ea poso: Sep-17-2025