1. Li-surfactants bakeng sa ho ntša oli e boima
Ka lebaka la ho teteana ho hoholo le ho phalla ho fokolang ha oli e boima, ho ntšoa ha eona ho baka mathata a maholo. Ho fumana oli e boima joalo, tharollo ea metsi ea li-surfactants ka linako tse ling e kenngoa ka har'a seliba ho fetola oli e tala e teteaneng hore e be emulsion ea oli e ka metsing e nang le ho teteana ho tlase, e ka pompeloang holimo.
Li-surfactant tse sebelisoang mokhoeng ona oa ho fokotsa oli e boima le ho fokotsa viscosity li kenyelletsa sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, le sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.
Emulsion ea oli e ntšitsoeng metsing e hloka karohano ea metsi, eo bakeng sa eona li-surfactants tsa indasteri le tsona li sebelisoang e le li-demulsifier. Li-demulsifier tsena ke li-emulsifier tsa metsi ka oli. Tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa li-surfactants tsa cationic kapa li-naphthenic acid, li-asphaltic acid, le letsoai la tsona la tšepe le nang le polyvalent.
Bakeng sa di-crude tse thata tse ke keng tsa ntšoa ka mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho pompa, ho hlokahala ente ea mouoane bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa mochesong. Ho ntlafatsa katleho ea ho hlaphoheloa mochesong, ho hlokahala li-surfactant. Mokhoa o mong o tloaelehileng ke ho kenya foam ka har'a seliba sa ente ea mouoane—haholo-holo, lintho tse foam tse hanelang mocheso o phahameng hammoho le likhase tse sa kolobisoang.
Disebediswa tse atisang ho sebediswa tsa ho fofisa di kenyeletsa alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfonates polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, le sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Ka lebaka la tshebetso ya tsona e phahameng ya bokahodimo le botsitso kgahlanong le di-acid, metheo, oksijene, mocheso le oli, di-surfactants tse nang le fluorine ke disebediswa tse ntle tsa ho fofisa tse nang le mocheso o phahameng.
Ho nolofatsa ho feta ha oli e hasantsoeng ka sebopeho sa pores-throat sa sebopeho kapa ho etsa hore oli e holim'a sebopeho e be bonolo ho e tlosa, ho sebelisoa li-surfactants tse tsejoang e le li-thin-film spreading agents. Mohlala o tloaelehileng ke li-surfactants tsa polymer tsa oxyalkylated phenolic resin.
2. Li-surfactants bakeng sa ho ntša oli e tala e nang le boka
Ho ntša oli e tala e kang boka ho hloka thibelo le ho tlosoa ha boka khafetsa. Li-surfactant li sebetsa e le li-inhibitor tsa boka le li-dispersant tsa parafini.
Bakeng sa thibelo ea boka, ho na le li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka oli (tse fetolang litšobotsi tsa bokaholimo ba likristale tsa boka) le li-surfactants tse qhibilihang ka metsi (tse fetolang litšobotsi tsa libaka tse tlotsitsoeng ka boka joalo ka liphaephe, lithupa tsa sucker, le lisebelisoa). Li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng tse qhibilihang ka oli li kenyelletsa li-sulfonate tsa petroleum le li-surfactants tsa mofuta oa amine. Likhetho tse qhibilihang ka metsi li kenyelletsa sodium alkyl sulfonate, letsoai la quaternary ammonium, li-alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, li-aromatic polyoxyethylene ethers, le li-derivatives tsa tsona tsa sodium sulfonate.
Bakeng sa ho tloswa ha parafini, di-surfactant di boetse di arolwa ka hara tse qhibilihang ka oli (tse sebediswang ho di-remover tse thehilweng ho parafini tse thehilweng ho oli) le tse qhibilihang ka metsing (tse kang mofuta wa sulfonate, mofuta wa quaternary ammonium, mofuta wa polyether, mofuta wa Tween, di-surfactant tsa mofuta wa OP, le di-surfactant tsa mofuta wa sulfate/sulfonated PEG kapa mofuta wa OP).
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mekhoa ea lehae le ea machabeng e kopantse thibelo le ho tlosa boka, e kopanya lintho tse tlosang boka tse thehiloeng oling le tse thehiloeng metsing le lintho tse qhalanyang parafini e tsoakiloeng. Tsena li sebelisa li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate e le karolo ea oli le li-emulsifier tse nang le thepa ea ho qhibilihisa parafini e le karolo ea metsi. Ha emulsifier e na le ntlha e loketseng ea leru (mocheso oo e bang maru ho oona), e qhaqha boea ka tlase ho sebaka sa ho boloka boka, e lokolla likarolo ka bobeli hore li sebetse ka nako e le 'ngoe.
3. Lisebelisoa tsa ho Fokotsa Metsi ka Oli e sa Tloaelehang
Ho tsosoloseng oli ea mantlha le ea bobeli, li-demulsifier tsa oli ka metsing li sebelisoa haholo. Meloko e meraro ea lihlahisoa e se e ntlafalitsoe:
1.Moloko oa pele: Li-carboxylate, li-sulfate, le li-sulfonate.
2.Moloko oa bobeli: Li-surfactant tse seng tsa ionic tse boima bo tlase ba limolek'hule (mohlala, OP, PEG, le oli ea castor e nang le sulfonated).
3. Moloko oa boraro: Li-surfactant tse seng tsa ionic tse boima bo phahameng ba limolek'hule.
Nakong ea ho hlaphoheloa ha bobeli ba mokhahlelo oa morao le ho hlaphoheloa ha boraro, oli e tala hangata e ba teng e le li-emulsion tsa metsi ka har'a oli. Li-demulsifier li oela likarolong tse 'ne:
·Matsoai a ammonium a quaternary (mohlala, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), a arabelang le di-emulsifier tsa anionic ho fetola HLB ea ona (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) kapa a monyela likarolong tsa letsopa tse metsi, a fetola ho ba mongobo.
·Li-surfactant tsa Anionic (tse sebetsang e le li-emulsifier tse ka har'a oli) le li-surfactant tse sa qhibiliheng oling, tse sebetsang hape bakeng sa ho roba li-emulsion tse ka har'a oli.
Nako ea poso: Loetse-17-2025