Isiphumo sokungaguquguquki kwe-surfactants

Iukuthintela Ii-surfactants zizinto ezisisiseko ezinika ii-surfactants ukusetyenziswa kwazo okusebenzayo. Zibandakanyeka kubomi bemihla ngemihla bamawaka emizi. Ngaphezu koko, zisetyenziswa ngakumbi kumashishini ahlukeneyo nakwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso.

Isiphumo sokungaguquguquki kwe-surfactants

Iifayibha, iiplastiki, kunye nezinye iimveliso zihlala zivelisa umbane ongashukumiyo ngenxa yokungqubana, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kwemveliso yazo. Umzekelo, ukuba amalaphu efayibha aphethe umbane ongashukumiyo, adla ngokuba neengxaki ezifana "nokunamathela emzimbeni" okanye "ukunamathela okungashukumiyo", kunye nokuba nomdla wokufunxa uthuli okanye ukungcola. Impembelelo yombane ongashukumiyo kwiimveliso zeplastiki inkulu nangakumbi. Iimveliso azitsali nje kuphela uthuli ngokulula, zichaphazela ukucaca kwazo, ukucoceka komphezulu kunye nenkangeleko, kodwa zikwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nexabiso leemveliso.

Ukuphelisa le meko yombane ongashukumiyo, indlela ye-surfactant antistatic isetyenziswa kakhulu okwangoku. Ezi surfactants zibizwa ngokubai-antistatic iiarhente.

1. Iziganeko ze-electrostatic kunye nezizathu zazo

Nangona kukho umahluko othile kwiziphumo ezifunyenwe ngabaphandi abahlukeneyo malunga nolandelelwano lokufakelwa kombane kwifayibha, iifayibha ezineebhondi ze-amide ezifana noboya, i-nylon, kunye noboya bokwenziwa zihlala zitshajiswa kakuhle.

Imeko eqhelekileyo yokutshaja ngombane kwezinto, ukusuka kwezakhayo ukuya kweze-negative, yile ilandelayo: (+) I-Polyurethane – Iinwele – I-Nylon – Uboya – Isilika – I-Viscose Fiber – Umqhaphu – Irabha Eqinileyo – I-Acetate Fiber – I-Vinylon – I-Polypropylene – I-Polyacrylonitrile – I-Polyvinyl Chloride – I-Vinyl Chloride – I-Acrylonitrile I-Copolymer – I-Polyethylene – I-Poltetrafluoroethylene (-). Nangona unobangela wokuveliswa kombane ongashukumiyo ungekaqondwa ngokupheleleyo, kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba xa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zigudlana, iitshaja ezihambayo zenziwa phakathi kwezinto ezigutyulweyo, ngaloo ndlela ziveliswa umbane ongashukumiyo. Uhlobo lwetshaja oluthwalwa yinto lunokugqitywa kukufumana okanye ukulahleka kwee-electron. Ukuba into ilahlekelwa zii-electron, iba netshaja elungileyo; ukuba ifumana ii-electron, iba netshaja embi.

1. Iarhente yokulwa nokuguquguquka

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokususa umbane ongashukumiyo:

Indlela yokwenziwa: Ekubeni ubukhulu bombane ongashukumiyo buchaphazeleka bubushushu kunye nokufuma, iindlela zokwenziwa ezifana nokulungisa ubushushu kunye nokufuma, kunye nokukhupha i-corona zingasetyenziselwa ukususa umbane ongashukumiyo phezu kwezinto.

Indlela yekhemikhali engaphezuluOko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa ii-surfactants, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-antistatic agents, ukwenza unyango lomphezulu kwiifayibha kunye neemveliso zeplastiki okanye ukuzixuba zibe ziiplastiki ukufezekisa injongo yokuphelisa umbane ongashukumiyo.

2.I. Iiarhente ezichasene ne-antistatic zeefayibha

Iimeko ekufuneka zihlangatyezwe zii-antistatic agents:

(1) Musa ukutshintsha indlela isandla esivakala ngayo kwifayibha;

(2) Isiphumo esihle sokungashukumi, idosi encinci, kwaye isasebenza kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi;

(3) Ukuhambelana okuhle neefayibha ze-resin;

(4) Ukuhambelana okuhle nezinye izongezo;

(5) Akukho nto iphuma amagwebu kwaye akukho mabala amanzi;

(6) Ayinatyhefu kwaye ayonakalisi ulusu;

(7) Ingagcina uzinzo oluhle.

2.2. Iintlobo zee-antistatic agents

Iintlobo eziphambili zee-antistatic agents ezisetyenziselwa iifayibha yi-cationic kunye ne-amphoteric ionic surfactants.

2.3. Indlela yokusebenza kwezinto ezilwa nokumelana ne-static agents

Indlela yokungashukumi kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-fiber antistatic ibonakala kakhulu kwiinkalo ezimbini: ukuthintela ukuveliswa kombane ongashukumiyo xa umphezulu welaphu lefayibha ukhuhlwa kunye nokusasazeka kweetshaja zomphezulu. Ukuthintela ukufakelwa kombane ongqubanayo kunxulumene kakhulu nolwakhiwo lwe-surfactants; ngelixa ukusasazeka kweetshaja zomphezulu kunxulumene nobungakanani bokutsalwa kunye ne-hygroscopicity yee-surfactants kwilaphu lefayibha.

Ii-surfactants zeCationic zinokufunxa lula kumphezulu weefayibha ezitshajiswe kakubi ngokusebenzisa iishaja zazo ezilungileyo.

①Inganciphisa umrhumo womphezulu wefayibha;

②Ekubeni ii-surfactants ze-cationic zinamathela kumphezulu wefayibha ngee-ion ze-quaternary ammonium ezitshajwe kakuhle, kwaye ii-hydrocarbon chain ze-hydrophobic zijonge ngaphandle, zenza ifilimu ye-adsorption ejoliswe kwi-oriented eyenziwe zii-hydrocarbon chain kumphezulu wefayibha. Le filimu ye-adsorption inokunciphisa ngempumelelo amandla okungqubana aveliswa kumphezulu wefayibha ngexesha lokungqubana, ngaloo ndlela ibuthathaka imeko yokufakelwa kombane.

Kwimicu yokwenziwa ene-polarity ephantsi kunye ne-hydrophobicity enamandla, ii-surfactants ze-cationic zingena kumphezulu we-fiber ngokusebenzisa amandla e-van der Waals kunye nee-hydrocarbon chain zazo ze-hydrophobic, ngelixa amaqela e-polar quaternary ammonium ejongene ngaphandle, egubungela umphezulu we-fiber ngamaqela e-polar e-hydrophilic. Oku akunyusi nje kuphela ukuhanjiswa komphezulu we-fiber kodwa kwandisa nokufuma komphezulu wayo, okuluncedo ekuchithekeni kombane ongashukumiyo oveliswa kukungqubana kwaye kudlala indima yokulwa ne-static.

Ubungakanani bokutsalwa kwe-dioctadecyl ammonium chloride kumphezulu weefayibha zendalo buphezulu kakhulu kunobo bukwiifayibha zokwenziwa. Oku kubonisa ukuba inefuthe elingcono lokulwa ne-static kwiifayibha zendalo.

Njenge-cationic surfactants, ii-amphoteric ionic surfactants zithwala ii-positive charges kwaye zinokufunxa phezu kwee-negative charges ukuze zinciphise ii-static charges. Amaqela azo e-hydrophobic nawo anefuthe lokunciphisa ukungqubana. Ngaphezu koko, xa kuthelekiswa nee-cationic surfactants, zineqela elongezelelweyo le-anionic kwisakhiwo sazo se-molecular, ngoko ke zinokunyusa ngcono ukufuma kunye nokuchithwa kwee-charge. Ke ngoko, ii-amphoteric ionic surfactants zii-antistatic agents ezisebenza kakuhle, kodwa ixabiso lazo liphezulu kakhulu.

Ii-surfactants ze-anionic kunye ne-non-ionic zineziphumo ezimbi ze-antistatic ngenxa yenani lazo eliphantsi le-adsorption kumphezulu wefayibha. Ubungakanani be-adsorption yee-surfactants ezingezizo ze-ionic buphezulu kunezo ze-anionic kuba azichaphazeleki yi-surface charge yefayibha, kodwa impembelelo yazo ekuchithekeni kwe-static ayilunganga, ngoko ke amandla azo e-antistatic mabi kakhulu kunee-cationic kunye ne-amphoteric ionic surfactants.

1. I-arhente yokulwa ne-static yeplastiki

Indlela yokusebenza kwee-surfactants njengee-antistatic agents zeplastiki: Ii-surfactants zifunxa phezu komphezulu weplastiki ngokusebenzisa amandla e-van der Waals kunye nee-hydrocarbon chain zazo ezisebenzisa i-hydrophobic hydrocarbon, ngelixa amaqela azo e-polar esanda ngaphandle, enza ifilimu ye-adsorption ejolise kwi-surfactants kumphezulu weplastiki. Le filimu inika i-conductivity, evumela ukuba ii-static charges ziphele kakuhle. Kwangaxeshanye, ifilimu ye-adsorption inokunciphisa ukungqubana kumphezulu weplastiki.

Ii-antistatic agents zeplastiki zihlulwe ngokweentlobo ze-surfactant zibe:

(1) Uhlobo lwe-Anionic;

(2) Uhlobo lweCationic;

(3) Uhlobo lwe-amphoteric ionic;

(4) Uhlobo olungelulo lwe-ionic.

Izinto ezilwa ne-antistatic zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo:

(1) Iiarhente ezichasene nokunganyakazi ezigqunywe ngumphezulu;

(2) Iiarhente ezichasene nokuqina kohlobo lwe-compounding.