Ii-surfactants zibhekisa kwizinto ezinokunciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lomphezulu wesisombululo esijoliswe kuso, ngokubanzi zineqela elizinzileyo le-hydrophilic kunye ne-lipophilic elinokuhlelwa ngendlela ethe ngqo kumphezulu wesisombululo. Ii-surfactants ziquka ikakhulu iindidi ezimbini: ii-ionic surfactants kunye nee-non-ionic surfactants. Ii-ionic surfactants ziquka neentlobo ezintathu: ii-anionic surfactants, ii-cationic surfactants, kunye nee-zwitterionic surfactants.
Eyona nto iphambili kwishishini le-surfactant kukubonelela ngezinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-ethylene, ii-fatty alcohols, ii-fatty acids, i-palm oil, kunye ne-ethylene oxide; I-midstream inoxanduva lokuvelisa nokuvelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezihlukeneyo, kubandakanya ii-polyols, ii-polyoxyethylene ethers, ii-fatty alcohol ether sulfates, njl.njl.; Ezantsi, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nokutya, izinto zokuthambisa, ukucoca amashishini, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya amalaphu, kunye neemveliso zokuhlamba.
Ngokwembono yemarike esezantsi, ishishini lezicoci zesepha yeyona ndawo iphambili esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-surfactants, ebanga ngaphezulu kwe-50% yemfuno esezantsi. Izinto zokuthambisa, ukucoca kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nokuprinta kunye nokudaya amalaphu konke oku kwenza malunga ne-10%. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo loqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nokwanda komlinganiselo wemveliso yemizi-mveliso, imveliso iyonke kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-surfactants kuye kwaqhubeka nokunyuka. Ngo-2022, imveliso ye-surfactants eTshayina idlule kwi-4.25 yezigidi zeetoni, ukunyuka konyaka malunga ne-4%, kwaye umthamo wentengiso wawumalunga ne-4.2 yezigidi zeetoni, ukunyuka konyaka malunga ne-2%.
I-China ngumvelisi ophambili we-surfactants. Ngokuqhubeka kwenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yemveliso, iimveliso zethu ziye zaziwa kancinci kancinci kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yomgangatho wazo kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza, kwaye zinemarike ebanzi yaphesheya. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubungakanani bokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe buqhubeke nomkhwa okhulayo. Ngo-2022, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe we-surfactants e-China wawumalunga neetoni ezingama-870000, ukunyuka okumalunga nama-20% ngonyaka, ikakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nakwiindawo ezifana neRashiya, iJapan, iPhilippines, iVietnam, i-Indonesia, njl.
Ngokwembono yesakhiwo semveliso, imveliso yee-surfactants ezingezizo ii-ionic eTshayina ngo-2022 imalunga neetoni ezi-2.1 zezigidi, ezimalunga ne-50% yemveliso iyonke yee-surfactants, zibekwe kwindawo yokuqala. Imveliso yee-surfactants ze-anionic imalunga neetoni ezi-1.7 zezigidi, ezimalunga nama-40%, zibekwe kwindawo yesibini. Ezi zimbini zezona mveliso ziphambili zee-surfactants.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, eli lizwe likhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo efana "neSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-14 soPhuhliso loMgangatho oPhezulu weShishini le-Surfactant", "Isicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-14 soPhuhliso loMgangatho oPhezulu weShishini le-China le-Detergent", kunye "neSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-14 soPhuhliso loShishino oluLuhlaza" ukudala imeko-bume elungileyo yophuhliso lweshishini le-surfactant, ukukhuthaza utshintsho kunye nokuphuculwa kweshishini, kunye nokuphuhlisa ukuya kulondolozo oluluhlaza, okusingqongileyo, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.
Okwangoku, baninzi abantu abathatha inxaxheba kwimarike, kwaye ukhuphiswano lweshishini luqatha kakhulu. Okwangoku, kusekho iingxaki ezithile kwishishini le-surfactant, ezifana netekhnoloji yemveliso ephelelwe lixesha, izixhobo zokukhusela okusingqongileyo ezingaphantsi komgangatho, kunye nokubonelela okwaneleyo kweemveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu. Eli shishini lisenendawo enkulu yophuhliso. Kwixesha elizayo, phantsi kwesikhokelo semigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe kunye nokukhetha ukusinda kunye nokupheliswa kwemarike, ukudibana kunye nokususwa kwamashishini kwishishini le-surfactant kuya kuba rhoqo, kwaye ukugxila kwishishini kulindeleke ukuba kwande ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-10-2023