1. Ingcamango yokudada
I-Flotation, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-flotation beneficiation, yiteknoloji yokucubungula izimbiwa eyahlula iiminerali eziluncedo kwiiminerali ze-gangue kwi-gas-liquid-solid phase interface ngokusebenzisa umahluko kwiipropati zomphezulu weeminerali ezahlukeneyo kwi-ores, kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba "kukwahlulwa kwe-interface". Zonke iinkqubo zobuchwepheshe ezisebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo ii-phase interfaces ukufezekisa ukwahlulwa kwe-particle ngokusekelwe kumahluko kwiipropati zokudibanisa zeeminerali ezahlukeneyo zibizwa ngokuba yi-flotation.
Iipropati zomphezulu weeminerali zibhekisa kwiimpawu zomzimba, zeekhemikhali kunye nezinye iimpawu zomphezulu weenxalenye zeeminerali, ezinje ngokumanzi komphezulu, iimpawu zombane womphezulu, iintlobo, ukugcwala, kunye nomsebenzi weebhondi zeekhemikhali zeeathom zomphezulu, njl. Iinxalenye zeeminerali ezahlukeneyo zinomahluko othile kwiimpawu zomphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa olu mahluko kwiimpawu zomphezulu weenxalenye, ukwahlulwahlulwa kweeminerali kunye nokutyetyiswa kwazo kunokufezekiswa ngoncedo lwee-interfaces zesigaba. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yokudada ibandakanya ii-interfaces zesigaba sesithathu zegesi-ulwelo-esiqinileyo.
Iipropati zomphezulu weeminerali zingatshintshwa ngokungenelela okwenziweyo, ngenjongo yokwandisa umahluko womphezulu phakathi kweeminerali eziluncedo kunye namasuntswana eeminerali ze-gangue ukuze kube lula ukwahlukana kwazo. Kwi-flotation, ii-reagents ze-flotation zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha ngokwenziwa iipropati zomphezulu weeminerali, ukwandisa umahluko kwiipropati zomphezulu phakathi kweeminerali, ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa i-hydrophobicity yeendawo zeeminerali, ukuze kulungiswe kwaye kulawulwe ukuziphatha kwe-flotation yeeminerali kunye nokufumana iziphumo ezingcono zokwahlukana. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-flotation kunxulumene kakhulu nee-reagents ze-flotation.
Ekubeni iipropati zomphezulu wee-mineral particles zahlukile kwiiparameters zomzimba ze-mineral ezifana noxinano kunye nokuthambekela kwemagnethi, okunzima ukuzitshintsha, iipropati zomphezulu wee-mineral particles zinokungenelelwa ngokwenziwa ukuze kubekho umahluko ofunekayo kwiipropati zomphezulu phakathi kwee-minerals zokwahlulahlula. Ke ngoko, i-flotation isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni ii-minerals kwaye yaziwa njengendlela yokucubungula izimbiwa jikelele. Yeyona ndlela yokucubungula izimbiwa esetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye isebenzayo ekuhlukaniseni izinto ezincinci nezincinci kakhulu.
2.Izicelo zeFlotation
Ukucubungula izimbiwa ngumsebenzi wemveliso olungiselela izinto eziluhlaza zokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye noshishino lweekhemikhali, kwaye ukuqunjelwa ngamagwebu kuye kwaba yenye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zokucubungula izimbiwa. Phantse zonke izibonelelo zezimbiwa zinokwahlulwa ngokuqunjelwa.
Okwangoku, i-flotation isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-ore zesinyithi ezine-ferrous ikakhulu ekuzuzeni i-iron kunye ne-manganese, njenge-hematite, i-smithsonite, i-ilmenite kunye nezinye iiminerali; ii-ore zesinyithi ezixabisekileyo ikakhulu ekuzuzeni igolide nesilivere; ii-ore zesinyithi ezingezizo i-ferrous ezifana ne-copper, i-lead, i-zinc, i-cobalt, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-antimony, kubandakanya iiminerali ze-sulfide ezifana ne-galena, i-sphalerite, i-chalcopyrite, i-chalcocite, i-molybdenite, i-pentlandite, kunye neeminerali ze-oxide ezifana ne-malachite, i-cerussite, i-hemimorphite, i-cassiterite, i-wolframite; ukwahlula iiminerali zetyuwa ezingezizo i-metallic ezifana ne-fluorite, i-apatite, i-barite, kunye neeminerali zetyuwa ezinyibilikayo ezifana netyuwa ye-potash kunye netyuwa yamatye; kunye nokwahlula iiminerali ezingezizo i-metallic kunye neeminerali ze-silicate ezifana namalahle, i-graphite, i-sulfur, idayimani, i-quartz, i-mica, i-feldspar, i-beryl, i-spodumene.
I-Flotation iqokelele amava amaninzi kwicandelo lokucubungula izimbiwa, kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji eqhubekayo. Kwiiminerali ezikumgangatho ophantsi nezintsonkothileyo ezazithathwa njengezingenaxabiso lokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso ngaphambili, ngoku ziyaphinda zisetyenziswe (izixhobo zesibini) ngokusebenzisa i-flotation.
Njengoko izixhobo zezimbiwa ziya zisiba buthathaka, izimbiwa eziluncedo zisasazwa kakuhle kwaye zixutywe kwiintsimbi, nto leyo eyenza ukwahlulahlula kube nzima ngakumbi; ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zemveliso, amashishini afana nezinto zesinyithi kunye neekhemikhali aneemfuno eziphezulu kwimigangatho yomgangatho kunye nokuchaneka kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, oko kukuthi, iimveliso ezahlulweyo.
Kwelinye icala, kuyimfuneko ukuphucula umgangatho; kwelinye icala, malunga nengxaki yokuba iiminerali kunzima ukuzahlula ngenxa yobukhulu beesuntswana ezincinci, ukutyibilika kuye kwabonisa iingenelo ngakumbi kunezinye iindlela, kuba yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu nethembisayo yokucubungula iziminerali okwangoku. Iindlela zokutyibilika ziye zaphuhliswa kancinci kancinci ukusuka ekuqaleni ekusetyenzisweni kweeminerali ze-sulfide ukuya kwiiminerali ze-oxide kunye neeminerali ezingezizo zesinyithi. Ngoku, isixa siphela seeminerali ezicutshungulwa yi-flotation kwihlabathi liphela sifikelela kwiibhiliyoni zeetoni minyaka le.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokudada akusekho kwicandelo lobunjineli bokucubungula izimbiwa kuphela, kodwa kuye kwanda kwaya kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, i-metallurgy, iphepha, ezolimo, ishishini leekhemikhali, ukutya, izixhobo, amayeza, ibhayoloji kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Umzekelo, ukubuyiswa kwezinto eziluncedo kwiimveliso eziphakathi, ii-volatiles kunye ne-slags ze-pyrometallurgy; ukubuyiswa kweentsalela ze-hydrometallurgical leaching kunye neemveliso zemvula ezifudukayo; ukukhutshwa kweekhemikhali kwishishini leekhemikhali ukuze kususwe iphepha elisetyenzisiweyo kunye nefayibha ekubuyiselweni kwinkunkuma ye-pulp; ukukhutshwa kweoyile ekrwada eninzi kwisanti ye-ore esecaleni komlambo, ukwahlula izinto ezincinci ezingcolisayo, ii-colloids, iibhaktheriya, kunye nokususwa kokungcola kwesinyithi esincinci kwinkunkuma yamanzi amdaka zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kubunjineli bendalo.
Ngokuphucuka kweenkqubo kunye neendlela zokudada, kunye nokuvela kwee-reagents kunye nezixhobo ezintsha nezisebenzayo zokudada, i-flotation iya kusetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini nakwiindawo ezininzi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zokudada, ii-reagents ziya kwenza iindleko zokucubungula zibe phezulu (xa kuthelekiswa nokwahlulwa kwemagnethi kunye nokwahlulwa komxhuzulane); ubungakanani besuntswana obufunekayo bokunambitha bungqongqo; kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela inkqubo yokudada, kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe; kwaye amanzi amdaka aqulethe ii-reagents ezisele ayingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo.
3. Umxholo wophando lwe-flotation
Inkqubo yokuqubha ibandakanya iiminerali eziqinileyo kunye nemidiya yokwahlulahlula (amanzi, igesi). Izinto eziphambili zophando ziquka imigaqo esisiseko yokuqubha, ii-reagents zokuqubha, oomatshini bokuqubha, iinkqubo zokuqubha, njl.njl.
Ithiyori esisiseko yokudada ibandakanya ukudada kweeminerali, iimpawu zeendawo zokwahlukanisa, njl.njl., ukufunda iimpawu zeendawo zokudibana kwesigaba, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezigaba, indlela yokwenza iiminerali kwiibhamuza, njl.njl.; uphando ngee-reagents zokudada luquka iintlobo, izakhiwo, iimpawu, iindlela zokwenza, ukulungiselela kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa ii-reagents; uphando malunga noomatshini bokudada luquka isakhiwo, umgaqo wokusebenza kunye nezihlandlo zokusetyenziswa koomatshini bokudada; uphando malunga neenkqubo zokudada lubhekisa kwisakhiwo senkqubo, impembelelo kunye nolawulo lwezinto zenkqubo, kunye nenkqubo ye-reagent; ukongeza, kukho uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwee-ore ezahlukeneyo.
Inkqubo yethiyori yophando lwe-flotation ibandakanya izifundo ezifana ne-process mineralogy, i-organic chemistry, i-inorganic chemistry, i-physical chemistry (i-interface chemistry, i-colloid chemistry), i-fluid mechanics, i-mechanical engineering, i-automatic detection, kunye nohlalutyo lobuchwephesha nolwezoqoqosho.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-09-2026