1. Ukucoca kwezezimboni
Njengoko igama lisitsho, libhekisa kwinkqubo kushishino yokususa izinto ezingcolisayo (ukungcola) ezenziwe kumphezulu wezinto eziphantsi komhlaba ngenxa yeziphumo zomzimba, iikhemikhali, zebhayoloji nezinye, ukuze kubuyiselwe umphezulu kwimeko yawo yokuqala. Ukucoca kwimizi-mveliso kuchaphazeleka kakhulu ziinkalo ezintathu eziphambili: iteknoloji yokucoca, izixhobo zokucoca kunye neearhente zokucoca. Iiteknoloji zokucoca ziquka ikakhulu: (1) Ukucoca ngamakhemikhali, okubandakanya ukucola okuqhelekileyo, ukuhlamba nge-alkali, ukucoca isinyibilikisi, njl. Olu hlobo lokucoca ludla ngokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokucoca kunye neearhente zokucoca. Kukucoca kwemizi-mveliso okuqhelekileyo, olu hlobo lokucoca lunexabiso eliphantsi, lukhawuleza kwaye lulula, kwaye luhlala lukwindawo ebalaseleyo ixesha elide; (2) Ukucoca ngokwasemzimbeni, kubandakanya ukucoca ngejethi yamanzi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukucoca ukuphazamiseka komoya, ukucoca nge-ultrasound, ukucoca nge-electropulse, ukucoca nge-shot blasting, ukucoca ngesanti, ukucoca ngomkhenkce owomileyo, ukucoca ngokukrwela ngoomatshini, njl. Olu hlobo lokucoca lusebenzisa kakhulu izixhobo zokucoca, ezidityaniswe namanzi acocekileyo, amasuntswana aqinileyo, njl. ukucoca. Lusebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekucoceni, kodwa ngokubanzi izixhobo zibiza kakhulu kwaye iindleko zokusebenzisa azikho phantsi; (3) Ukucoca ngebhayoloji kusebenzisa isiphumo sokutsala esiveliswa ziintsholongwane ukucoca, kwaye kudla ngokusetyenziswa ekucoceni ngelaphu nakwimibhobho. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeemfuno zayo ezithile zomsebenzi wokutsala wee-enzymes zebhayoloji, indawo yayo yokusebenza incinci kakhulu. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwahlulahlula iiarhente zokucoca kwimizi-mveliso, kwaye ezixhaphakileyo ziiarhente zokucoca ezisekelwe emanzini, iiarhente zokucoca ezisekelwe emanzini amancinci kunye neearhente zokucoca ezisekelwe kwisinyibilikisi. Ngokuphuculwa kolwazi lokusingqongileyo, iiarhente zokucoca ezisekelwe kwisinyibilikisi ziyatshintshwa kancinci kancinci, kwaye iiarhente zokucoca ezisekelwe emanzini ziya kuhlala kwindawo engakumbi. Iiarhente zokucoca ezisekelwe emanzini zinokwahlulwa zibe ziiarhente zokucoca ze-alkaline, iiarhente zokucoca ezine-acid kunye neearhente zokucoca ezingathathi cala ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ye-pH. Iiarhente zokucoca ziphuhlisa ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo oluluhlaza, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, ukonga amandla kunye noqoqosho, nto leyo ebeka phambili ezi mfuno zilandelayo kuzo: iiarhente zokucoca ezisekelwe emanzini zithatha indawo yokucoca kwesinyibilikisi sendabuko; iiarhente zokucoca azina-phosphorus, zine-nitrogen ephantsi ukuya kwi-nitrogen engekhoyo, kwaye azinazo iintsimbi ezinzima kunye nezinto eziyingozi kwindalo; iiarhente zokucoca kufuneka ziphuhlise ziye ekugxininiseni (ukunciphisa iindleko zokuthutha), ukusebenza kunye nokuchonga; iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweearhente zokucoca zilula ngakumbi, kungcono kubushushu begumbi; Iindleko zokuvelisa izinto zokucoca ziphantsi ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenzisa kubathengi.
2. Imigaqo yoYilo lweMichiza yeeArhente zoCoca eziSemanzini
Ngaphambi kokuba siyile ifomula yesixhobo sokucoca, sidla ngokuhlela izinto ezingcolisayo. Izinto ezingcolisayo eziqhelekileyo zinokuhlelwa ngokweendlela zokucoca.
(1) Izinto ezingcolisayo ezinokunyibilika kwizisombululo ze-asidi, i-alkali, okanye i-enzyme: Ezi zinto zingcolisayo kulula ukuzisusa. Kwizinto ezinjalo ezingcolisayo, singakhetha ii-asidi ezithile, ii-alkali, okanye
ii-enzymes, zilungiselele zibe zizisombululo, kwaye ususe ungcoliseko ngokuthe ngqo.
(2) Izinto ezingcolisayo ezinyibilikayo emanzini: Ezi zinto zingcolisayo, ezifana neetyuwa ezinyibilikayo, iiswekile, kunye nesitatshi, zinokunyibilikiswa kwaye zisuswe kumphezulu we-substrate ngeendlela ezifana nokufunxa amanzi, unyango lwe-ultrasound, kunye nokutshiza.
(3) Izinto ezingcolisayo ezisasazeka ngamanzi: Izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana nesamente, igypsum, ilayimu, kunye nothuli zinokumanziswa, zisasazwe, kwaye zixhonywe emanzini ukuze zisuswe ngoncedo lwamandla oomatshini bezixhobo zokucoca, izinto ezinyibilikayo emanzini, izinto ezingena emanzini, njl.njl.
(4) Ukungcola okunganyibilikiyo emanzini: Izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana neeoyile kunye neewax kufuneka zixutywe, zenziwe i-saponized, kwaye zisasazwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile ngoncedo lwamandla angaphandle, izongezo, kunye nee-emulsifiers ukuze ziphume kumphezulu we-substrate, zenze ukusasazwa, kwaye zisuswe kumphezulu we-substrate. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lokungcola alukho kwimo enye kodwa luxutywe kwaye lunamathela kumphezulu okanye nzulu ngaphakathi kwe-substrate. Ngamanye amaxesha, phantsi kweempembelelo zangaphandle, lunokubila, lubole, okanye lube ngumbungu, lwenze izinto ezingcolisayo ezintsonkothileyo. Kodwa nokuba zizinto ezingcolisayo ezisabelayo ezenziwe ngokubophelela kweekhemikhali okanye izinto ezinamathelayo ezenziwe ngokubophelela ngokwasemzimbeni, ukuzicoca ngokupheleleyo kufuneka kudlule kumanyathelo amane amakhulu: ukunyibilika, ukumanzisa, ukuxutywa kunye nokusasazwa, kunye nokuchelwa.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-12-2026