Iinkqubo zokusasazwa kwamanzi zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya ubudlelwane phakathi kwesakhiwo se-surfactant kunye nokusasazeka. Njengee-particles eziqinileyo ze-hydrophobic, zinokufunxa amaqela e-hydrophobic e-surfactants. Kwimeko ye-anionic surfactants, amaqela e-hydrophilic ajongene ngaphandle ayaxoxisana ngenxa yeendleko zawo ezifanayo. Kuyacaca ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-adsorption ye-surfactants kuyanda ngobude be-hydrophobic chain, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ii-surfactants ezine-carbon chain ezinde zibonisa ukusasazeka okungcono kunezo zine-chain ezimfutshane.
Ukwandisa ukunyibilika kwamanzi kwee-surfactants kudla ngokwandisa ukunyibilika kwazo emanzini, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukufunxwa kwazo kumphezulu wee-particle. Esi siphumo siba sobala ngakumbi xa amandla onxibelelwano phakathi kwe-surfactant kunye nee-particles ebuthathaka. Umzekelo, ekulungiseleleni iinkqubo zokusasazwa kwedayi yamanzi, ii-lignosulfonate dispersants ezine-sulfonate eninzi zinokusetyenziselwa iidayi ezi-hydrophobic kakhulu ukwenza iinkqubo zokusasazwa ezinozinzo oluhle kakhulu lobushushu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa i-dispersant efanayo kwiidayi ezi-hydrophilic kubangela uzinzo olubi lobushushu; ngokuchaseneyo, ukusebenzisa i-lignosulfonate dispersants enezinga eliphantsi le-sulfonation kuvelisa iinkqubo zokusasazwa ezinozinzo oluhle lobushushu. Isizathu soku kukuba ii-dispersants ezine-sulfonation eninzi zinozinzo oluphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zisuke ngokulula kumphezulu weedayi ezi-hydrophilic, apho ukusebenzisana kokuqala sele kubuthathaka, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukusasazeka.
Ukuba amasuntswana asasazekileyo ngokwawo athwala iintlawulo zombane kwaye kukhethwe i-surfactant eneentlawulo ezichaseneyo, ukutyibilika kungenzeka ngaphambi kokuba iintlawulo kumasuntswana zingasebenzi. Kuphela emva kokuba umaleko wesibini we-surfactant ufakwe kwi-surfactant ethintelwe yi-charge-neutralized apho ukusasazwa okuzinzileyo kungenziwa. Ukuba i-surfactant eneentlawulo ezifanayo ikhethiwe, ukutsalwa kwe-surfactant kumasuntswana kuba nzima; ngokufanayo, ukutsalwa okwaneleyo kokuzinzisa ukusasazeka kufumaneka kuphela kumanqanaba aphezulu. Ngokwenyani, ii-ionic dispersants ezisetyenziswayo zihlala ziqulathe amaqela amaninzi e-ionic asasazekileyo.kuyo yonke imolekyuli ye-surfactant, ngelixa amaqela abo e-hydrophobic enziwe ngamaketanga e-hydrocarbon angagcwaliyo anamaqela e-polar afana neeringi ze-aromatic okanye iibhondi ze-ether.
Kwi-polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants, ii-polyoxyethylene chains ezimanzi kakhulu zingena kwi-aqueous phase ngendlela egobileyo, zidala umqobo osebenzayo we-steric ngokuchasene nokuhlanganiswa kwee-solid particles. Okwangoku, ii-oxyethylene chains ezixineneyo, ezinamalayelo amaninzi, zinciphisa kakhulu amandla e-van der Waals phakathi kwee-particles, nto leyo ezenza zibe zii-dispersants ezilungileyo. Ii-block copolymers ze-propylene oxide kunye ne-ethylene oxide zifanelekile ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa njenge-dispersants. Ii-polyoxyethylene chains zazo ezinde ziphucula ukunyibilika emanzini, ngelixa amaqela azo e-polypropylene oxide hydrophobic akhuthaza ukutsalwa ngamandla kwii-solid particles; ke ngoko, ii-copolymers ezinee-long chains zazo zombini iindawo zilungile kakhulu njenge-dispersants.
Xa zidityanisiwe ii-surfactants ze-ionic kunye ne-nonionic, inkqubo exutyiweyo ayivumeli kuphela iimolekyuli ukuba zingene kwisigaba samanzi, zenze umqobo oqinileyo othintela ukuhlanganiswa kwee-particle, kodwa ikwaphucula amandla efilimu edibanisa ii-particles eziqinileyo. Ke ngoko, kwinkqubo exutyiweyo, lo gama nje ukwanda kokunyibilika kwee-surfactants kwisigaba samanzi kungathinteli kakhulu ukufunxwa kwazo kumphezulu wee-particles, i-dispersant ene-hydrophobic chains ende iya kubonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kokusasazeka.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-31-2025