Ukusetyenziswa kweeSurfactants kwizichumisi
Ukuthintela ukufakwa kwezichumiso: Ngophuhliso lweshishini lesichumisi, ukwanda kwamanqanaba okuchumisa, kunye nokwanda kolwazi lokusingqongileyo, uluntu lubeke iimfuno eziphezulu kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa izichumiso kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso. Ukusetyenziswa kweii-surfactantsinokunyusa umgangatho wezichumisi. I-Caking kudala ingumceli mngeni kwishishini lezichumisi, ngakumbi kwi-ammonium bicarbonate, i-ammonium sulfate, i-ammonium nitrate, i-ammonium phosphate, i-urea, kunye nezichumisi ezihlanganisiweyo. Ukuthintela i-caking, ngaphezu kwamanyathelo okukhusela ngexesha lokuvelisa, ukupakishwa, kunye nokugcinwa, i-surfactants inokongezwa kwizichumisi.
I-Urea ithandeka kwikhekhe ngexesha lokuthutha kunye nokugcinwa, kuchaphazela kakhulu ukuthengisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Le nto yenzeka ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwakhona kumphezulu we-urea granules. Ubumanzi obungaphakathi kwigranules bufudukela kumphezulu (okanye bufunxa ukufuma kwe-atmospheric), benze umaleko wamanzi amancinci. Xa amaqondo obushushu eguquguquka, obu bumanzi buba ngumphunga, bubangele ukuba isisombululo esigcweleyo phezu komhlaba sibe yikristale kwaye sikhokelela kwi-caking.
E-China, izichumisi ze-nitrogen zikho kwiintlobo ezintathu: i-ammonium nitrogen, i-nitrate nitrogen, kunye ne-amide nitrogen. Isichumiso se-nitro sisichumisi sekhompawundi esixutywa kakhulu esiqulethe zombini i-ammonium kunye nenitrogen ye-nitrate. Ngokungafaniyo ne-urea, initrogen ye-nitrate kwisichumiso se-nitro inokufunxwa ngokuthe ngqo zizityalo ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwesibini, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu. Izichumisi ezihlanganisiweyo ze-nitro zifanelekile kwizityalo zemali ezifana necuba, umbona, iimelon, iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nemithi yeziqhamo, zisebenza ngcono kune-urea kumhlaba wealkaline kunye nemimandla yekarst. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni izichumisi ezihlanganisiweyo ze-nitro zibandakanya i-ammonium nitrate, ene-hygroscopic ephezulu kwaye idlula kwinguqu yesigaba sekristale kunye nokutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu, iyathandeka kwi-caking.
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-Surfactants kuNciphiso loMhlaba oNcinyiweyo
Ngophuhliso lwamashishini anje ngepetrochemicals, amayeza, kunye neeplastiki, izingcolisi ezahlukeneyo ze-hydrophobic organic (umzekelo, i-petroleum hydrocarbons, i-halogenated organics, i-polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons, i-pesticides) kunye ne-ion zetsimbi enzima zingena emhlabeni ngokuchitheka, ukuvuza, ukuchithwa okukhulu, kunye nokuchithwa okukhulu. Izingcolisi ze-Hydrophobic organic zibophelela ngokulula kumhlaba we-organic, zinciphisa ukufumaneka kwazo kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa komhlaba.
I-surfactants, iiamphiphilic molekyuli, zibonisa ubudlelwane obuqinileyo be-oyile, i-hydrocarbons enevumba elimnandi, kunye ne-halogenated organics, ezenza zisebenze kulungiso lomhlaba.
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-Surfactants kuLondolozo lwaManzi eZolimo
Imbalela ngumba wehlabathi jikelele, nelahleko yesivuno sezityalo ngenxa yembalela elingana nelahleko edibeneyo evela kwezinye iintlekele zemozulu. Inkqubo yokucutha amanzi okuba ngumphunga ibandakanya ukongeza i-surfactants kwiinkqubo ezifuna ugcino lokufuma (umzekelo, amanzi ezolimo, imiphezulu yezityalo), ukwenza ifilimu enganyibilikiyo yemonomolekyuli phezu komhlaba. Lo mboniso bhanyabhanya uthatha indawo yokuba ngumphunga oqingqiweyo, unciphisa indawo esebenzayo yokukhupha umphunga kunye nokugcina amanzi.
Xa zifafazwe kwimigangatho yezityalo, i-surfactants yenza isakhiwo esijoliswe kuyo: iziphelo zabo ze-hydrophobic (ezijongene nesityalo) zigxotha kwaye zithintele ukuvela komswakama wangaphakathi, ngelixa iziphelo zabo ze-hydrophilic (ezijongene nomoya) ziququzelela ukuthungwa kokufuma kwe-atmospheric. Isiphumo esidityanisiweyo sithintela ukulahleka kwamanzi, siphucula ukuxhathisa kwezityalo kwimbalela, kwaye sonyusa izivuno.
Ukuqukumbela
Isishwankathelo, ii-surfactants zinezicelo ezibanzi kubuchwephesha bezolimo bale mihla. Njengoko ubuchule obutsha bezolimo buvela kunye nemiceli mngeni yongcoliseko oluvelayo, imfuno yophando oluphezulu lwe-surfactant kunye nophuhliso luya kukhula. Kuphela ngokudala ii-surfactants ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezilungiselelwe le ntsimi apho sinokukhawulezisa ukufezekiswa kokuphuculwa kwezolimo eTshayina.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-15-2025