Ngexesha leenkqubo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungcolisa, ezinje nge-coking, iintsalela ze-oyile, isikali, intlenga, kunye needipozithi ezonakalisayo, ziqokelelana kwizixhobo kunye nemibhobho yeenkqubo zokuvelisa. Ezi diphozithi zihlala zikhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwezixhobo kunye nemibhobho, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokuvelisa, ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, kunye neziganeko zokhuseleko.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwamashishini amatsha okwenziwa, ukungcoliswa kweenoveli kwimizi-mveliso kuye kwaqhubeka kuvela, kwaye ulwakhiwo lweemolekyuli zalo ziye zantsonkotha ngakumbi. Ukongezelela, iindlela zokubambelela kunye neefom phakathi kokungcola kwamashishini kunye neethagethi ezahlukeneyo zokucoca zihlala zixhomekeke kuhlobo lokungcolisa kunye nokubunjwa kwesakhiwo kunye neepropati ze-physicochemical zomhlaba zezinto ezicocwayo. Ngenxa yeemfuno zokukhuselwa kwendalo, kukho imfuno eyandayo yokonakala kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokungabi natyhefu kweearhente zeekhemikhali, ezithi ngokuqhubekayo zibeke imingeni emitsha kubuchwephesha bokucoca imichiza.
Ukucocwa kweekhemikhali kubuchwepheshe obubanzi obubandakanya ukufundwa kokubunjwa kokungcola kunye neempawu, ukukhethwa kunye nokuqulunqwa kwee-agent zokucoca kunye nezongezo, ukukhethwa kwe-corrosion inhibitors, iindlela zenkqubo yokucoca, ukuphuhliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokucoca, ukubeka iliso kwezobuchwepheshe ngexesha lokucoca, kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, phakathi kwabanye. Phakathi kwezi, ukukhethwa kwee-agent zokucoca yinto ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni ukuphumelela kwemisebenzi yokucoca, njengoko ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukucoca, izinga lokuhla, izinga lokubola, kunye neenzuzo zezoqoqosho zezixhobo.
Ii-agent zokucoca zibandakanya izinto ezintathu eziphambili: eyona nto iphambili yokucoca, i-corrosion inhibitors, kunye ne-surfactants. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo se-molecular, esiqulethe zombini amaqela e-hydrophilic kunye ne-hydrophobic, i-surfactants idlala indima kwi-adsorption, ukungena, i-emulsification, i-dissolution kunye nokuhlamba ngexesha lokucoca imichiza. Azisetyenziswa nje kuphela njengama-agent ancedisayo kodwa zikwajongwa ngokubanzi njengamacandelo abalulekileyo, ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo ezifana nokucocwa kwe-asidi, ukucocwa kwe-alkaline, inhibition ye-corrosion, i-degreasing, kunye ne-sterilization, apho baqhubeka bebonisa impembelelo yabo ebalulekileyo.
I-agent ephambili yokucoca, i-corrosion inhibitors, kunye ne-surfactants zizinto ezintathu eziphambili zezisombululo zokucoca iikhemikhali. Ubume bekhemikhali obukhethekileyo be-surfactants buqinisekisa ukuba, xa bechithwa kwisisombululo se-liquid, banciphisa kakhulu ukunyanzeliswa komphezulu wesisombululo, ngaloo ndlela baphucula amandla ayo okumanzisa. Ngokukodwa xa ukuxinana kwee-surfactants kwisisombululo kufikelela kugxininiso olubalulekileyo lwe-micelle (CMC), utshintsho oluphawulekayo lwenzeka kuxinzelelo lomphezulu wesisombululo, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic, i-viscosity, kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo.
Ukumanzisa, ukungena, ukusabalalisa, i-emulsifying, kunye nemiphumo ye-solubilizing ye-surfactants kwiinkqubo zokucoca iikhemikhali zifezekisa kabini umphumo ngesiqingatha somzamo. Isishwankathelo, ii-surfactants ekucoceni iikhemikhali zisebenza ngokuyintloko imisebenzi emibini: okokuqala, ziphucula ukuxinwa okubonakalayo kongcoliseko lwe-organic olunganyibilikiyo ngokusebenza kwe-solubilizing ye-micelles, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-solubilization effect; okwesibini, ngenxa yamaqela abo e-amphiphilic, i-surfactants i-adsorb okanye iqokelela kwi-interface phakathi kwezigaba ze-oyile kunye namanzi, ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-interfacial.
Xa ukhetha i-surfactants, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiipropati ze-ejenti yokucoca, i-corrosion inhibitors, kunye ne-surfactants, kunye nokuhambelana nokusebenzisana kwabo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-28-2025