Ngexesha leenkqubo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso, iintlobo ngeentlobo zokungcola, ezinje ngokucola, iintsalela zeoyile, isikali, inkunkuma, kunye neediphozithi ezibolayo, ziyaqokelelana kwizixhobo nakwiipayipi zeenkqubo zemveliso. Ezi diphozithi zihlala zikhokelela ekusileleni kwezixhobo kunye neepayipi, ukuncipha kokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zemveliso, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, nakwiziganeko zokhuseleko.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwemizi-mveliso emitsha yokwenziwa, ukungcoliswa kwemizi-mveliso okutsha kuye kwavela rhoqo, kwaye izakhiwo zayo zemolekyuli ziye zaba nzima ngakumbi. Ukongeza, iindlela zokunamathela kunye neendlela eziphakathi kokungcoliswa kwemizi-mveliso kunye neethagethi ezahlukeneyo zokucoca zihlala zixhomekeke kuhlobo lokungcoliswa kunye nokwakheka kwesakhiwo kunye neempawu ze-physicochemical zomphezulu wezinto ezicocwayo. Ngenxa yeemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kukho imfuno ekhulayo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokungabi natyhefu kwee-arhente zeekhemikhali, ezihlala zibangela imingeni emitsha kubuchwepheshe bokucoca iikhemikhali.
Ukucoca ngamakhemikhali bubuchwepheshe obupheleleyo obuquka uphononongo lokwakheka kokungcola kunye neempawu, ukukhethwa kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto zokucoca kunye nezongezo, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuthintela ukugqwala, iindlela zenkqubo yokucoca, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokucoca, ubuchwephesha bokubeka esweni ngexesha lokucoca, kunye nonyango lwamanzi amdaka, phakathi kwezinye. Phakathi kwezi, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokucoca yinto ebalulekileyo emisela impumelelo yemisebenzi yokucoca, njengoko ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca, izinga lokunciphisa ubushushu, izinga lokugqwala, kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho zezixhobo.
Iiarhente zokucoca ngokuyintloko ziqulathe izinto ezintathu eziphambili: iarhente yokucoca ephambili, izithinteli zokubola, kunye nee-surfactants. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo se-molecular, esineeqela eziphila emanzini kunye nezingapholiyo, ii-surfactants zidlala indima ekufakweni, ukungena, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuchithwa, kunye nokuhlamba ngexesha lokucoca ngamakhemikhali. Azisetyenziswa nje kuphela njengeearhente ezincedisayo kodwa zikwajongwa ngokubanzi njengeenxalenye ezibalulekileyo, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezinje ngokucoca i-asidi, ukucoca i-alkaline, ukuthintela ukubola, ukususa amafutha, kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane, apho zibonisa ngakumbi impembelelo yazo ebalulekileyo.
Isixhobo sokucoca esiphambili, izithinteli zokugqwala, kunye nee-surfactants zezona zinto zintathu ziphambili kwizisombululo zokucoca iikhemikhali. Ulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo lweekhemikhali ze-surfactants luqinisekisa ukuba, xa zinyibilikisiwe kwisisombululo solwelo, zinciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lomphezulu wesisombululo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula amandla aso okumanzisa. Ingakumbi xa uxinzelelo lwee-surfactants kwisisombululo lufikelela kwi-critical micelle concentration (CMC), utshintsho oluphawulekayo lwenzeka kwi-surface tension yesisombululo, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic, i-viscosity, kunye neempawu ze-optical.
Iziphumo zokumanzisa, ukungena, ukusasaza, ukuxuba, kunye nokunyibilikisa ze-surfactants kwiinkqubo zokucoca ngamakhemikhali zifezekisa iziphumo eziphindwe kabini ngesiqingatha somzamo. Ngamafutshane, ii-surfactants ekucoceni ngamakhemikhali zisebenza ikakhulu imisebenzi emibini: okokuqala, zonyusa ukuxinana okubonakalayo kokungcola okungabonakaliyo kwezinto eziphilayo ngesenzo sokunyibilikisa se-micelles, esaziwa ngokuba sisiphumo sokunyibilikisa; okwesibini, ngenxa yamaqela azo ahlala emanzini, ii-surfactants ziyafunxa okanye ziqokelele kwindawo ephakathi kwe-oyile kunye namanzi, nto leyo enciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-interfacial.
Xa ukhetha izinto ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa ...
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-28-2025