Ngokwendlela yokwahlulwa kweekhemikhali kwindawo yeoli, ii-surfactants zokusetyenziswa kwindawo yeoli zinokuhlelwa ngokufakwa kwi-drilling surfactants, i-surfactants yemveliso, i-oyile eyandisiweyo yokufumana i-oyile, ukuqokelelwa kwe-oyile negesi/izinto zokuhamba ezihambayo, kunye namayeza okucoca amanzi.
Drilling Surfactants
Phakathi kwee-surfactants ze-oilfield, ii-surfactants zokomba (kubandakanya izongezo zolwelo kunye nezongezelelo zesamente) zenza owona mthamo mkhulu wokusetyenziswa-malunga ne-60% yokusetyenziswa kwe-oyile iyonke. Iimveliso ze-surfactants, nangona zincinci ngobungakanani, zihambele phambili kakhulu kubuchwepheshe, zenza malunga nesinye kwisithathu setotali. Ezi ndidi zimbini zibambe ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kwi-oilfield applications sufactant.
E-China, uphando lugxininise kwiindawo ezimbini eziphambili: ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zemveli kunye nokuphuhlisa iipolymers zokwenziwa ezinoveli (kubandakanywa ii-monomers). Kumazwe ngamazwe, ukugrumba uphando lolwelo olongezelelweyo lukhethekileyo, kugxininisa i-sulfonic acid equlethe iipolima zokwenziwa njengesiseko seemveliso ezahlukeneyo-intsingiselo enokuthi imise uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo. Ukuphumelela kuye kwenziwa kwii-viscosity reducers, ii-agent zokulawula ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa. Ngokucacileyo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ii-polymeric alcohol surfactants ezineziphumo zelifu ziye zamkelwa ngokubanzi kuwo wonke amabala e-oyile asekhaya, zenza uthotho lweenkqubo zokwemba utywala zepolymeric. Ukongeza, i-methyl glucoside kunye ne-glycerin-based based drilling fluids zibonise iziphumo ezithembisayo zesicelo sentsimi, ukuqhubela phambili ukuphuhliswa kwee-surfactants zokomba. Okwangoku, izongezo zolwelo zokomba zaseTshayina zibandakanya iindidi ezili-18 ezineentlobo ezingaphezu kwewaka, ukusetyenziswa konyaka kufutshane neetoni ezingama-300,000.
Production Surfactants
Xa kuthelekiswa nee-surfactants zokomba, ii-surfactants zemveliso zimbalwa ngokwendidi kunye nobungakanani, ngakumbi ezo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iasidi kunye nokuqhekeza. Kwi-fracturing surfactants, uphando kwi-gelling agents igxile ikakhulu kwiintsini zezityalo zendalo ezilungisiweyo kunye neselulosi, ecaleni kweepolima zokwenziwa ezifana ne-polyacrylamide. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkqubela phambili yamazwe ngamazwe kwi-acidizing fluid surfactants iye yacotha, kunye nogxininiso lwe-R&D lutshintshela kwii-corrosion inhibitorsukwenza iasidi. Ezi inhibitors ngokuqhelekileyo ziphuhliswa ngokuguqula okanye ukudibanisa izinto ezikhoyo ezikhoyo, kunye nenjongo efanayo yokuqinisekisa ubuncinci okanye obungenabutyhefu kunye ne-oyile / ukunyibilika kwamanzi okanye i-dispersibility yamanzi. I-amine-based, i-quaternary ammonium, kunye ne-alkyne alcohol blended inhibitors zixhaphakile, ngelixa i-aldehyde-based inhibitors ziye zancipha ngenxa yeenkxalabo zetyhefu. Ezinye iinguqulelo ezintsha ziquka i-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid complexes ezine-amines ezinobunzima obuphantsi bemolekyuli (umzekelo, i-ethylamine, i-propylamine, i-C8–18 ephambili ye-amines, i-oleic diethanolamide), kunye ne-acid-in-oyile emulsifiers. E-China, uphando malunga nee-surfactants ze-fracturing kunye nolwelo oluneasidi luphelelwe lixesha, kunye nenkqubela phambili elinganiselweyo ngaphaya kwee-corrosion inhibitors. Phakathi kweemveliso ezikhoyo, i-amine-based compounds (i-primary, isekondari, i-tertiary, okanye i-quaternary amides kunye nemixube yazo) ilawula, ilandelwa yi-imidazoline derivatives njengenye iklasi enkulu ye-organic corrosion inhibitors.
Ukuqokelelwa kwe-oyile kunye nerhasi/i-Surfactants ezoThutho
Uphando kunye nophuhliso lwee-surfactants ze-oyile kunye negesi yokuqokelela / ukuthutha e-China yaqala ngo-1960s. Namhlanje, kukho iindidi ezili-14 ezinamakhulu eemveliso. Iidemulsifiers ze-oyile ekrwada zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ezinemfuno emalunga neetoni ezingama-20,000 ngonyaka. I-China iye yaphuhlisa izixhobo zokucima umlilo ezilungiselelwe iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeoli, uninzi lwazo oluhlangabezana nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe yoo-1990. Nangona kunjalo, ukugalela i-point depressants, i-flow improvers, i-viscosity reducers, kunye nokususwa kwe-wax / ii-arhente zokuthintela zihlala zilinganiselwe, ubukhulu becala ziyimveliso edibeneyo. Iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeepropathi ze-oyile ekrwada ezohlukeneyo kwezi zixhobo zibangela imingeni kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zophuhliso lwemveliso entsha.
Oilfield Water Treatment Surfactants
Iikhemikhali zokunyanga amanzi ziludidi olubalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwe-oilfield, kunye nosetyenziso lonyaka oludlula iitoni ezingama-60,000-malunga ne-40% yazo i-surfactants. Ngaphandle kwemfuno enkulu, uphando malunga nee-surfactants zokucoca amanzi e-China alwanelanga, kwaye uluhlu lwemveliso luhlala lungagqibekanga. Uninzi lweemveliso zihlengahlengiswa ukusuka kunyango lwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso, kodwa ngenxa yobunzima bamanzi ommandla we-oyile, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuhlala kubi, ngamanye amaxesha kusilele ukubonelela ngeziphumo ezilindelekileyo. Kumazwe ngamazwe, uphuhliso lweflocculant yeyona ndawo isebenzayo kuphando lwe-surfactant yonyango lwamanzi, ivelisa iimveliso ezininzi, nangona zimbalwa ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwindawo yeoli.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-20-2025