Yintoni oyaziyo malunga neepolymer surfactants

1. Iingcamango ezisisiseko zePolymer Surfactants

Iipolymer surfactants zibhekiselele kwizinto ezinobunzima bemolekyuli obufikelela kwinqanaba elithile (ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-103 ukuya kwi-106) kwaye zineempawu ezithile ezisebenza phezu komhlaba. Ngokwesakhiwo, banokuhlelwa kwii-copolymers zebhloko, ii-copolymers zegrafti, kunye nabanye. Ngokusekwe kuhlobo lwe-ionic, i-polymer surfactants yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane amakhulu: i-anionic, i-cationic, i-zwitterionic, kunye ne-nonionic. Ngokwemvelaphi yabo, banokuhlelwa njengee-polymer surfactants zendalo, ii-polymer surfactants zendalo ezilungisiweyo, kunye ne-synthetic polymer surfactants.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-low-molecular-weight-surfactants, iimpawu eziphambili zee-polymer surfactants zezi:

(1) Banamandla abuthathaka okunciphisa ukutsaleka komphezulu kunye nobuso, kwaye uninzi aluzenzi iimicelles;

(2) Zinobunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli, nto leyo ephumela kumandla abuthathaka okungena;

(3) Abonakalisa ukungakwazi ukuwisa amagwebu, kodwa amaqamza awenza azinzile;

(4) Babonakalisa amandla abalaseleyo okulinganisa;

(5) Baneempawu ezibalaseleyo zokusasaza kunye nokubambisana;

(6) Uninzi lwee-polymer surfactants zinetyhefu ephantsi.

2. IiPropati eziSebenzayo zePolymer Surfactants

·Uxinzelelo lomphezulu

Ngenxa yokuqhelaniswa nokuziphatha kwamacandelo e-hydrophilic kunye ne-hydrophobic ye-polymer surfactants kumphezulu okanye ujongano, banako ukukwazi ukunciphisa ukuxinana komphezulu kunye nokuhlangana kobuso, nangona obu buchule bungaphantsi kobo bobunzima be-molecular-weight surfactants.

Umthamo wee-polymer surfactants ukuthoba ukuxinezeleka komphezulu ubuthathaka kunalowo we-surfactants enobunzima obuphantsi, kwaye umsebenzi wabo womphezulu wehla kakhulu njengoko ubunzima bemolekyuli bukhula.

·Ukumiselwa kunye nokusasazwa

Ngaphandle kobunzima bobunzima bemolekyuli, uninzi lwee-polymer surfactants zinokwenza ii-micelles kwisigaba esisasaziweyo kwaye zibonise i-micelle concentration (CMC), ngaloo ndlela zizalisekisa imisebenzi yokumisela. Ubume babo be-amphiphilic buvumela inxalenye ye-molecule ukuba ibhengeze kwi-particle surfaces ngelixa enye inxalenye inyibilika kwisigaba esiqhubekayo (i-dispersion medium). Xa ubunzima bemolekyuli bepolymer bungekho phezulu ngokugqithisileyo, bubonisa iziphumo zokuthintelwa kwesteric, zenza izithintelo kumphezulu wamathontsi e-monomer okanye amasuntswana epolymer ukuthintela ukudityaniswa kunye nokubambisana kwawo.

·Ukuqina

Xa i-polymer surfactants inobunzima beemolekyuli eziphezulu kakhulu, banokubhengeza kumasuntswana amaninzi, benze iibhulorho phakathi kwabo kwaye benze iiflocs, ngaloo ndlela zisebenza njengeeflocculants.

·Eminye imisebenzi

Uninzi lwee-polymer surfactants ngokwazo aluvelisi ugwebu olomeleleyo, kodwa luvelethintela ugcino lwamanzi olomeleleyo kunye nokuzinza okugqwesileyo kogwebu. Ngenxa yobunzima bobunzima bemolekyuli, bakwanazo neempawu ezigqwesileyo zokwenza ifilimu kunye nokuncamathelisa.

·Isisombululo sokuziphatha

Ukuziphatha kwee-polymer surfactants kwi-solvents ezikhethiweyo: Uninzi lwee-polymer surfactants zi-amphiphilic block okanye i-graft copolymers. Kwii-solvents ezikhethiweyo, ukuziphatha kwabo kwesisombululo kunzima ngakumbi kuneemolekyuli ezincinci okanye i-homopolymers. Izinto ezinje ngesakhiwo semolekyuli, umlinganiselo wobude bamacandelo e-amphiphilic, ukwakheka, kunye neempawu zokunyibilikisa zinempembelelo enkulu kwimopholoji yesisombululo. Njengama-surfactants anobunzima bemolekyuli ephantsi, iipolima ze-amphiphilic zinciphisa ukuxinezeleka komphezulu ngokubhengeza amaqela e-hydrophobic kumphezulu ngelixa ngaxeshanye zenza iimicelles ngaphakathi kwesisombululo.