1. Iingcamango ezisisiseko zePolymer Surfactants
Ii-surfactants ze-polymer zibhekisa kwizinto ezinobunzima be-molecular obufikelela kwinqanaba elithile (ngesiqhelo ukusuka kwi-103 ukuya kwi-106) kwaye zineempawu ezithile ezisebenzayo kumphezulu. Ngokwesakhiwo, zinokuhlulwahlulwa zibe zii-block copolymers, ii-graft copolymers, kunye nezinye. Ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwe-ionic, ii-surfactants ze-polymer zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezine eziphambili: i-anionic, i-cationic, i-zwitterionic, kunye ne-nonionic. Ngokwemvelaphi yazo, zinokuhlulwahlulwa njenge-natural polymer surfactants, ii-modified natural polymer surfactants, kunye nee-synthetic polymer surfactants.
Xa kuthelekiswa nee-surfactants ezinobunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli, iimpawu eziphambili ze-surfactants ze-polymer zezi:
(1) Zinamandla abuthathaka okunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu kunye nolwe-interfacial, kwaye uninzi lwazo alwenzi ii-micelles;
(2) Zinobunzima obuphezulu beemolekyuli, nto leyo ebangela amandla okungena abuthathaka;
(3) Azibonakalisi ukungakwazi kakuhle ukufutha, kodwa amaqamza eziwenzayo azinzile;
(4) Zibonisa amandla abalaseleyo okuxuba;
(5) Zineempawu ezibalaseleyo zokusasazeka kunye nokuhambelana;
(6) Uninzi lwe-polymer surfactants alunatyhefu ingako.
2. Iimpawu zokusebenza zePolymer Surfactants
·Uxinzelelo Lomphezulu
Ngenxa yokuziphatha kweendawo ezisebenzisa amanzi kunye ne-hydrophobic segments ze-polymer surfactants kwiindawo okanye kwiindawo ezisebenzisanayo, zinamandla okunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu kunye nolwe-interfacial, nangona olu buchule luhlala luphantsi kunolo lwe-surfactants ezinobunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli.
Amandla ee-polymer surfactants okunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu abuthathaka kunalawo ee-surfactants ezinobunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli, kwaye umsebenzi wazo womphezulu uyehla kakhulu njengoko ubunzima beemolekyuli busanda.
·Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-emuls kunye nokusasazwa
Nangona zinobunzima obukhulu beemolekyuli, uninzi lwee-surfactants ze-polymer zinokwenza ii-micelles ngaphakathi kwesigaba esisasazekileyo kwaye zibonise i-critical micelle concentration (CMC), ngaloo ndlela zizalisekisa imisebenzi ye-emulsifying. Ulwakhiwo lwazo lwe-amphiphilic luvumela inxalenye enye ye-molecule ukuba ifunxe kwiindawo ze-particle ngelixa enye inxalenye inyibilika kwisigaba esiqhubekayo (i-dispersion medium). Xa ubunzima be-molecular be-polymer bungekho phezulu kakhulu, bubonisa iziphumo zokuthintela i-steric, budala imiqobo kwiindawo ze-monomer drops okanye ii-polymer particles ukuthintela ukuhlangana kwazo kunye nokuhlangana kwazo.
·Ukujiya kwe-coagulation
Xa ii-surfactants ze-polymer zinobunzima obukhulu kakhulu beemolekyuli, zinokufunxa kwiinxalenye ezininzi, zenze iibhulorho phakathi kwazo kwaye zenze ii-floc, ngaloo ndlela zisebenza njengee-flocculants.
·Eminye Imisebenzi
Ii-surfactants ezininzi ze-polymer ngokwazo azivelisi i-foam enamandla, kodwa zi-exzithintela ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuqinileyo kunye nozinzo oluhle kakhulu lwefoam. Ngenxa yobunzima bazo obuphezulu beemolekyuli, zikwanazo neempawu eziphezulu zokwenza ifilimu kunye nokuncamathelisa.
·Indlela Yokuziphatha Ngesisombululo
Indlela eziziphatha ngayo ii-polymer surfactants kwi-selective solvents: Uninzi lwee-polymer surfactants zii-amphiphilic block okanye ii-graft copolymers. Kwi-selective solvents, indlela eziziphatha ngayo izisombululo iyinkimbinkimbi kunee-molecules ezincinci okanye ii-homopolymers. Izinto ezifana nesakhiwo se-molecular, ubude bee-amphiphilic segments, ukwakheka, kunye neempawu ze-solvent zichaphazela kakhulu i-solution morphology yazo. Njenge-low-molecular-weight surfactants, ii-amphiphilic polymers zinciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu ngokufunxa amaqela e-hydrophobic kumphezulu ngelixa ngaxeshanye zenza ii-micelles ngaphakathi kwesisombululo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-10-2025