1.Surfactants fun Eru Epo isediwon
Nitori iki giga ati omi ti ko dara ti epo ti o wuwo, isediwon rẹ jẹ awọn italaya pataki. Lati gba iru epo ti o wuwo bẹẹ pada, ojutu olomi ti awọn ohun elo ti o wa ni erupẹ ni a maa n itasi nigba miiran sinu ibi-igi kanga lati yi epo robi viscous ti o ga julọ pada si emulsion epo-in- viscosity kekere, eyiti a le fa si oke.
Awọn surfactants ti a lo ninu emulsification epo ti o wuwo ati ọna idinku iki pẹlu iṣuu soda alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, ati sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.
Emulsion epo-ni-omi ti a fa jade nilo iyapa omi, fun eyiti awọn surfactants ile-iṣẹ tun wa ni iṣẹ bi demulsifiers. Awọn wọnyi ni demulsifiers ni o wa omi-ni-epo emulsifiers. Awọn ti o wọpọ pẹlu awọn surfactants cationic tabi awọn acids naphthenic, awọn acid asphaltic, ati awọn iyọ irin polyvalent wọn.
Fun pataki awọn crudes viscous ti a ko le fa jade ni lilo awọn ọna fifa mora, abẹrẹ nya si fun imularada gbona ni a nilo. Lati mu imudara imularada igbona pọ si, awọn surfactants jẹ pataki. Ọna kan ti o wọpọ ni fifun foomu sinu abẹrẹ nya si daradara-ni pato, awọn aṣoju ifomu ti o ni iwọn otutu ti o ga julọ pẹlu awọn gaasi ti kii ṣe condensable.
Awọn aṣoju foaming ti o wọpọ ni alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, Petroleum sulfonates, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers sulfonated, ati polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers sulfonated. Nitori iṣẹ ṣiṣe giga wọn ati iduroṣinṣin lodi si awọn acids, awọn ipilẹ, atẹgun, ooru, ati epo, awọn ohun elo fluorinated jẹ awọn aṣoju foaming iwọn otutu ti o dara julọ.
Lati dẹrọ awọn aye ti tuka epo nipasẹ awọn pore-ọfun be ti awọn Ibiyi tabi lati ṣe epo lori dada Ibiyi rọrun lati nipo, surfactants mọ bi tinrin-fiimu ntan òjíṣẹ wa ni lilo. Apeere ti o wọpọ jẹ oxyalkylated phenolic resini polima surfactants.
2.Surfactants fun Iyọkuro Epo Epo Waxy
Yiyọ epo epo robi jade nilo idena epo-eti deede ati yiyọ kuro. Surfactants ṣiṣẹ bi mejeeji inhibitors epo-eti ati awọn kaakiri paraffin.
Fun idinamọ epo-eti, awọn surfactants epo-tiotuka wa (eyiti o paarọ awọn ohun-ini dada ti awọn kirisita epo-eti) ati awọn ohun elo omi-tiotuka (eyiti o ṣe atunṣe awọn ohun-ini ti awọn ibi-ipamọ epo-eti bi ọpọn, awọn ọpa sucker, ati ẹrọ). Awọn surfactants epo ti o wọpọ pẹlu sulfonates epo ati iru-amine surfactants. Awọn aṣayan omi-tiotuka pẹlu iṣuu soda alkyl sulfonate, awọn iyọ ammonium quaternary, awọn ethers alkyl polyoxyethylene, awọn ethers polyoxyethylene aromatic, ati awọn itọsẹ soda sulfonate wọn.
Fun yiyọ paraffin, awọn surfactants ti wa ni tito lẹšẹšẹ si epo-soluble (ti a lo ninu epo-orisun paraffin removers) ati omi-tiotuka (gẹgẹ bi awọn sulfonate-type, quaternary ammonium-type, polyether-type, Tween-type, OP-type surfactants, and sulfate/sulfonated PEG-type or OPs).
Ni awọn ọdun aipẹ, awọn iṣe ti ile ati ti kariaye ti ṣepọ idena epo-eti ati yiyọ kuro, apapọ awọn orisun epo ati awọn imukuro ti o da lori omi sinu awọn kaakiri paraffin arabara. Iwọnyi lo awọn hydrocarbons aromatic bi ipele epo ati awọn emulsifiers pẹlu awọn ohun-ini itu paraffin bi ipele omi. Nigbati emulsifier ba ni aaye awọsanma ti o yẹ (iwọn otutu ninu eyiti o di kurukuru), o demulsifies ni isalẹ agbegbe idasile epo-eti, dasile awọn paati mejeeji lati ṣiṣẹ ni nigbakannaa.
3.Surfactants fun Igbẹ Epo Epo
Ni igbapada epo akọkọ ati Atẹle, awọn demulsifiers epo-ni-omi ni a lo ni pataki julọ. Awọn iran mẹta ti awọn ọja ti ni idagbasoke:
1.First iran: Carboxylates, sulfates, ati sulfonates.
2.Second iran: Low-molecular-weight nonionic surfactants (eg, OP, PEG, and sulfonated castor oil).
3.Kẹta iran: Ga-molecular-weight nonionic surfactants.
Ni imularada Atẹle ti o pẹ ati imularada ile-ẹkọ giga, epo robi nigbagbogbo wa bi awọn emulsions omi-ni-epo. Demulsifiers ṣubu si awọn ẹka mẹrin:
· Awọn iyọ ammonium Quaternary (fun apẹẹrẹ, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), eyiti o ṣe pẹlu awọn emulsifiers anionic lati paarọ HLB wọn (iwọntunwọnsi hydrophilic-lipophilic) tabi adsorb sori awọn patikulu amo tutu-omi, iyipada omi tutu.
· Anionic surfactants (nṣiṣẹ bi epo-ni-omi emulsifiers) ati epo-tiotuka nonionic surfactants, tun munadoko fun kikan omi-ni-epo emulsions.
Akoko ifiweranṣẹ: Oṣu Kẹsan-17-2025