Ama-surfactants anezicelo eziningi ekwakhiweni kwendlela ye-asphalt, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:
1. Njengezithasiselo Zokuxuba Ezifudumele
(1) Indlela Yokusebenza
Izithasiselo zokuxuba ezifudumele ziwuhlobo lwe-surfactant (isb., izithasiselo zokuxuba ezifudumele zohlobo lwe-APTL) ezakhiwe amaqembu e-lipophilic kanye ne-hydrophilic esakhiweni sawo sama-molecule. Ngesikhathi sokuxuba izingxube ze-asphalt, izithasiselo zokuxuba ezifudumele zifuthwa ebhodweni lokuxuba ngokuvumelana ne-asphalt. Ngaphansi kokushukunyiswa komshini, amaqembu e-lipophilic ahlangana ne-asphalt, kuyilapho ama-molecule amanzi asele ehlangana namaqembu e-hydrophilic ukwakha ifilimu yamanzi yesakhiwo phakathi kwama-aggregates ambozwe yi-asphalt. Le filimu yamanzi isebenza njengesithasiselo, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwengxube ngesikhathi sokuxuba. Ngesikhathi sokusika nokusikaza, ifilimu yamanzi yesakhiwo iyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngokugcoba, ikhulisa isivinini sokusika futhi ilulaze ukuqina kwengxube. Ngemva kokusikaza sekuqediwe, ama-molecule amanzi ayanyamalala kancane kancane, bese i-surfactant ithuthela endaweni ephakathi kwe-asphalt nama-aggregates, iqinisa ukusebenza kokubopha phakathi kwama-aggregates kanye ne-asphalt binder.
(2) Izinzuzo
Izithasiselo zengxube efudumele zinganciphisa amazinga okushisa okuxuba, ukugandaya, kanye nokuminyana ngo-30–60°C, zandise isikhathi sokwakha ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-0°C. Zinciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ cishe ngo-50% kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi enobuthi (isb. umusi we-asphalt) ngaphezu kuka-80%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivimbela ukuguga kwe-asphalt, ziqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuminyana kanye nokusebenza kokwakhiwa, futhi zandisa impilo yesevisi yezindlela ze-asphalt. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo zengxube efudumele kungandisa umkhiqizo wezitshalo zokuxuba ngo-20–25% futhi kukhuphule isivinini sokugandaya/ukuminyana ngo-10–20%, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokwakha futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokwakha.
2. Njenge-Asphalt Emulsifiers
(1) Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nezimpawu
Ama-emulsifier e-asphalt angama-surfactants ahlukaniswe ngezakhiwo ze-ionic zibe izinhlobo ze-cationic, anionic, non-ionic, kanye ne-amphoteric. Ama-emulsifier e-asphalt e-cationic amunca kuma-aggregates ashajwe kabi ngama-positive charges, anikeza ukunamathela okuqinile—okwenza afaneleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomswakama nezinemvula. Ama-emulsifier e-anionic, yize engabizi kakhulu, anokumelana kwamanzi okubi futhi ashintshwa kancane kancane. Ama-emulsifier angewona ama-ionic kanye ne-amphoteric ahlangabezana nezidingo zezimo ezikhethekile zemvelo. Ahlukaniswa ngesivinini sokususa uketshezi, afaka phakathi ukusetha kancane (okusetshenziselwa ukuvala uketshezi kanye nokuvuselela okubandayo), ukusetha okuphakathi (ukulinganisa isikhathi sokuvula kanye nesivinini sokususa uketshezi), kanye nokusetha okusheshayo (okusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwendawo ukuze kuvunyelwe izinhlobo zokususa uketshezi ngokushesha kanye nokuvula ithrafikhi).
(2) Izimo Zokusebenza
Ama-emulsifier e-asphalt avumela izinqubo zokuxubana okubandayo kanye nokwakha imigwaqo ebandayo eziqeda isidingo sokufudumeza i-asphalt, zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphezu kuka-30% - inzuzo enkulu ezindaweni ezikude zezintaba noma ukulungiswa kwemigwaqo yasemadolobheni okusheshayo. Asetshenziselwa futhi ukulungiswa kokuvimbela (isb., uphawu lwe-slurry) ukulungisa izindlela ezindala futhi andise impilo yesevisi ngeminyaka emi-5-8. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asekela ukuvuselela okubandayo endaweni, afinyelela ukuvuselela okungu-100% kwezinto ezindala zendlela ye-asphalt futhi anciphise izindleko ngo-20%.
3. Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kwe-Asphalt Encishisiwe Nezingxube Zayo
(1) Umphumela
Ama-surfactant akhiwe ngokuhlanganisa ama-heavy oil viscosity reducers (AMS) nge-Span80, uma engezwa ku-cutback asphalt, anciphisa kakhulu ukucindezelwa kobuso endaweni yokuhlangana kwe-asphalt-aggregate futhi anciphise i-cutback asphalt. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokuxuba kwengxube ngenkathi kunciphisa umthamo wedizili. Ukufakwa kwama-surfactant ahlanganisiwe kuthuthukisa ukusabalala kwe-asphalt ezindaweni ezihlanganisiwe, kunciphisa ukumelana ngesikhathi sokuganda, futhi kwandisa izinga lokugcina lokuminyana kwezingxube ze-asphalt ezihlanganisiwe—kuthuthukisa ukufana kokuxuba kanye nokusebenza kokuganda/ukuminyana.
(2) Indlela
Ama-surfactant ahlanganisiwe ashintsha ukungezwani koketshezi-okuqinile phakathi kwe-asphalt nama-aggregates, okwenza izingxube ze-asphalt zigcine ukusebenza okuhle kokwakhiwa ngisho nangesilinganiso esincishisiwe sokuxuba. Ngesilinganiso se-surfactant esingu-1.0–1.5%, ukuthuthuka kwezici zokuganda kanye nokuqina kwezingxube ze-asphalt ezincishisiwe kufana nokwengeza i-diluent yedizili engu-4–6%, okuvumela ingxube ukuthi ifinyelele ukufana okufanayo kokuxuba kanye nokusebenza kokuqina.
4. Ukuvuselela Okubandayo Kwemigwaqo Ye-Asphalt
(1) Indlela Yokusebenzisa Kabusha
Ama-emulsifier e-asphalt asebenzisa kabusha ngokubandayo angama-surfactant ahlakaza i-asphalt ibe yizinhlayiya ezincane ngesenzo samakhemikhali futhi aziqinise emanzini, umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko uvumela ukwakhiwa kwe-asphalt ekushiseni okumaphakathi. Ama-molecule e-emulsifier akha ungqimba lokumuncwa oluqondiswe endaweni ehlangana ne-asphalt-aggregate, elwa nokuguguleka kwamanzi—okusebenzayo kakhulu kuma-aggregate ane-acid. Okwamanje, izingxenye zikawoyela ezilula ku-asphalt e-emulsified zingena ku-asphalt endala, zibuyisela ukuguquguquka kwayo kancane futhi zandise izinga lokuphinda zisebenzise izinto ezibuyiselwe.
(2) Izinzuzo
Ubuchwepheshe bokuvuselela kabusha obubandayo buvumela ukuxuba nokwakha amazinga okushisa azungezile, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-50-70% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvuselela kabusha okushisayo kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa. Buhambisana nezidingo zokuvuselela kabusha izinsiza kanye nentuthuko esimeme.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-09-2025