Ngokuvamile, izindlela zokuvimbela ukugqwala zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1.Ukukhetha okulungile kwezinto ezimelana nokugqwala nezinye izinyathelo zokuvikela
2. Ukukhetha ukusebenza kwenqubo efanele kanye nezakhiwo zemishini
Ukunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yenqubo ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali kungaqeda izenzakalo zokugqwala ezingadingekile. Kodwa-ke, noma kusetshenziswa izinto ezimelana nokugqwala kwekhwalithi ephezulu, izinqubo zokusebenza ezingafanele zisengaholela ekugqwaleni okukhulu.
1. Ama-Inorganic Corrosion Inhibitors.
Ngokuvamile, ukwengeza inani elincane le-corrosion inhibitor endaweni egqwalayo kunganciphisa kakhulu ukugqwala kwensimbi. Lawa ma-inhibitors ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ama-inorganic, organic, kanye nama-vapor-phase inhibitors, ngayinye enezindlela ezihlukile.
• Ama-Anodic Inhibitors (yehlisa ijubane inqubo ye-anodic):
Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-oxidizer (ama-chromates, ama-nitrites, ayoni ensimbi, njll.) akhuthaza i-anodic passivation noma i-anodic filming agents (ama-alkali, ama-phosphates, ama-silicates, ama-benzoate, njll.) akha amafilimu okuvikela endaweni ye-anode. Ngokuyinhloko basabela endaweni ye-anodic, okuthuthukisa i-anodic polarization. Ngokuvamile, ama-anodic inhibitors akha ifilimu evikelayo endaweni ye-anode, esebenza kahle kakhulu kodwa ethwala ingozi ethile-isilinganiso esinganele singase sibangele ukumbozwa kwefilimu okungaphelele, okushiya izindawo ezincane eziveziwe zensimbi ezingenalutho ezinomthamo ophezulu wamanje we-anodic, okwenza ukugqwala kwemigodi kube nokwenzeka kakhulu.
• I-Cathodic Inhibitors (yenza ngokusabela kwe-cathodic):
Izibonelo zifaka i-calcium, i-zinc, i-magnesium, ithusi, ne-manganese ion, esabela ngama-ion e-hydroxide akhiqizwa ku-cathode ukuze akhe ama-insoluble hydroxides. Lawa enza amafilimu awugqinsi endaweni ye-cathode, avimbe ukusakazeka komoyampilo futhi andise ukuhlukaniswa kwe-concentration polarization.
• Ama-Mixed Inhibitors (cindezela kokubili ukusabela kwe-anodic kanye ne-cathodic):
Lokhu kudinga ukunqunywa kokuhlolwa komthamo ophelele.
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2. Ama-Organic Corrosion Inhibitors
Ama-Organic inhibitors asebenza nge-adsorption, enza ifilimu engabonakali, ewugqinsi wamangqamuzana endaweni yensimbi ecindezela ngasikhathi sinye kokubili ukusabela kwe-anodic kanye ne-cathodic (yize kusebenza okuhlukahlukene). Ama-organic inhibitors avamile ahlanganisa i-nitrogen-, sulphur-, oxygen-, kanye ne-phosphorus-containing compounds. Izindlela zabo ze-adsorption zincike ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana futhi zingahlukaniswa ngokuthi:
·I-Electrostatic adsorption
· I-Chemical adsorption
· π-bond (delocalized electron) adsorption
Ama-Organic inhibitors asetshenziswa kabanzi futhi avela ngokushesha, kodwa futhi anezinkinga, njengokuthi:
· Ukungcoliswa komkhiqizo (ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezihlobene nokudla)—ngenkathi kunenzuzo kuchwepheshe oyedwa
duction stage, zingase zibe yingozi kwesinye.
Ukuvimbela ukusabela okufunayo (isb., ukunciphisa ijubane ukususwa kwefilimu ngesikhathi sokucosha i-asidi).
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3. Ama-Vapor-Phase Corrosion Inhibitors.
Lezi izinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu eziqukethe amaqembu asebenzayo avimbela ukugqwala, ngokuyinhloko asetshenziselwa ukuvikela izingxenye zensimbi ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokuthutha (ngokuvamile zisesimweni esiqinile). Umhwamuko wawo ukhulula amaqembu avimbelayo asebenzayo kumswakama womkhathi, obese ukhangisa endaweni yensimbi ukuze ubambezele ukugqwala.
Ukwengeza, zingama-adsorptive inhibitors, okusho ukuthi indawo yensimbi evikelwe ayidingi ukususwa kokugqwala kusengaphambili.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-09-2025