Iyiphi indlela engasetshenziswa ekuvimbeleni ukugqwala?

Ngokuvamile, izindlela zokuvimbela ukugqwala zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Ukukhetha okufanele kwezinto ezingagqwali kanye nezinye izindlela zokuvimbela.

2.​Ukukhetha imisebenzi yenqubo efanele kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.​​

Ukunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yenqubo ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali kungaqeda izenzakalo zokugqwala ezingadingekile. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe kusetshenziswa izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezingamelani nokugqwala, izinqubo zokusebenza ezingafanele zisengaholela ekugqwaleni okukhulu.

1. Izithibi Zokugqwala Ezingaphili​

Ngokuvamile, ukwengeza inani elincane lama-corrosion inhibitors endaweni egqwalisayo kunganciphisa kakhulu ijubane lokugqwala kwensimbi. Lawa ma-inhibitor ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ama-inorganic, ama-organic, kanye nama-vapor-phase inhibitors, ngalinye linezindlela ezihlukile.

• Ama-Anodic Inhibitors (ukubambezela inqubo ye-anodic):

Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-oxidizer (ama-chromates, ama-nitrites, ama-ion ensimbi, njll.) akhuthaza ukudlula kwe-anodic noma ama-agent okuqopha ama-anodic (ama-alkali, ama-phosphates, ama-silicates, ama-benzoates, njll.)​​akha amafilimu avikelayo ebusweni be-anode. Asabela ngokuyinhloko esifundeni se-anodic, athuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-anodic. Ngokuvamile, ama-anodic inhibitors akha ifilimu evikelayo ebusweni be-anode, esebenza kahle kakhulu kodwa inengozi ethile—umthamo onganele ungabangela ukumbozwa kwefilimu okungaphelele, okushiya izindawo ezincane zensimbi ezingenalutho eziveziwe ezinobuningi bamanje be-anodic, okwenza ukugqwala kwemigodi kube nokwenzeka kakhulu.

• Ama-Cathodic Inhibitors (asebenza ekusabeleni kwe-cathodic):

Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ama-ion e-calcium, i-zinc, i-magnesium, ithusi, kanye ne-manganese, asabela ngama-ion e-hydroxide akhiqizwa ku-cathode ukuze akhe ama-hydroxide angancibiliki. Lawa akha amafilimu ajiyile ebusweni be-cathode, avimba ukusabalala komoya-mpilo futhi andise ukuhlukaniswa kwe-concentration.

• Ama-Mixed Inhibitors (avimbela kokubili ukusabela kwe-anodic kanye ne-cathodic):

Lokhu kudinga ukunqunywa kokuhlolwa kwesilinganiso esifanele.

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2. Ama-Organic Corrosion Inhibitors​

Ama-organic inhibitors asebenza ngokumunca, akha ifilimu engabonakali, enobukhulu bama-molecule ebusweni bensimbi ecindezela ngasikhathi sinye ukusabela kwe-anodic kanye ne-cathodic (nakuba esebenza ngendlela ehlukahlukene). Ama-organic inhibitors avamile afaka phakathi ama-nitrogen-, sulfur-, oxygen-, kanye nama-phosphorus-containing compounds. Izindlela zawo zokumunca zincike esakhiweni sama-molecule futhi zingahlukaniswa kanje:

·Ukumuncwa kwe-electrostatic​

· Ukumuncwa kwamakhemikhali

· Ukumuncwa kwe-π-bond (i-delocalized electron)

Izithibithi eziphilayo zisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi zishintsha ngokushesha, kodwa futhi zinezinkinga, njenge:

· Ukungcola komkhiqizo (ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni okuhlobene nokudla)—kuyinzuzo kuchwepheshe oyedwa

esigabeni sokukhishwa, zingaba yingozi kwesinye isigaba.

·Ukuvinjelwa kokusabela okufiselekayo (isib., ukwehlisa ijubane lokususwa kwefilimu ngesikhathi sokukha i-asidi).

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3. Izithibi Zokugqwala Kwesigaba Somhwamuko​

Lezi yizinto ezishintshashintshayo kakhulu eziqukethe amaqembu asebenzayo avimbela ukugqwala, asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvikela izingxenye zensimbi ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthuthwa (ngokuvamile ziqinile). Umhwamuko wazo ukhulula amaqembu avimbelayo asebenzayo emswakama womoya, abese enamathela ebusweni bensimbi ukuze kuncishiswe ukugqwala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyizivimbeli zokungenisa, okusho ukuthi indawo yensimbi evikelwe ayidingi ukususwa kokugqwala kusengaphambili.

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