Lapho umoya ungena oketshezini, njengoba ungancibiliki emanzini, uhlukaniswa ube amabhamuza amaningi ngoketshezi ngaphansi kwamandla angaphandle, kwakhe uhlelo oluhlukahlukene. Uma umoya ungena oketshezini bese wenza igwebu, indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwegesi noketshezi iyakhula, futhi amandla amahhala wesistimu nawo akhuphuke ngokufanele.
Iphuzu eliphansi lihambisana nalokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi i-critical micelle concentration (CMC). Ngakho-ke, lapho ukugxiliswa kwe-surfactant kufinyelela ku-CMC, kunenombolo eyanele yama-molecule e-surfactant ohlelweni ukuze aqondanise ngokuminyene endaweni ewuketshezi, enze ungqimba lwefilimu ye-monomolecular engenagebe. Lokhu kunciphisa ukungezwani kwendawo yesistimu. Lapho ukushuba kwendawo kuncipha, amandla amahhala adingekayo ekukhiqizeni igwebu ohlelweni nawo ayancipha, okwenza ukwakheka kwegwebu kube lula kakhulu.
Ekukhiqizeni okusebenzayo nasekusetshenzisweni, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwama-emulsion alungisiwe ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, ukugxila kwe-surfactant kuvame ukulungiswa ngaphezu kokugxilisa okubalulekile kwe-micelle. Nakuba lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-emulsion, kubuye kube nezithiyo ezithile. Ama-surfactants engeziwe awagcini nje ngokunciphisa ukushuba kwesimo sezulu kodwa futhi amboza umoya ongena ku-emulsion, enze ifilimu ewuketshezi eqinile, futhi endaweni ewuketshezi, ifilimu yamangqamuzana ebilayer. Lokhu kuvimbela kakhulu ukuwa kwegwebu.
Igwebu liyinhlanganisela yamabhamuza amaningi, kuyilapho ibhamuza lakheka lapho igesi ihlakazwa oketshezini—igesi njengesigaba esihlakazekile noketshezi njengesigaba esiqhubekayo. Igesi engaphakathi kwamabhamuza ingase isuke kwelinye ibhamuza iye kwelinye noma ibaleke iye emkhathini ozungezile, okuholela ekuhlanganeni kwebhamuza nokunyamalala.
Ngamanzi ahlanzekile noma ama-surfactants ewodwa, ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okufanayo, ifilimu yegwebu ewumphumela ayinakho ukunwebeka, okwenza igwebu lingazinzi futhi lithambekele ekuziqedeni. Ithiyori ye-Thermodynamic iphakamisa ukuthi igwebu elikhiqizwe oketshezini oluhlanzekile lingokwesikhashana futhi liyashabalala ngenxa yokuphuma kwefilimu.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ezimbotsheni ezisekelwe emanzini, ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlakazeka (amanzi), kukhona futhi ama-emulsifiers okwenziwa kwe-polymer emulsification, kanye nama-disperants, ama-wetting agents, ama-thickeners, nezinye izithasiselo zokuhlanganisa ezisekelwe ku-surfactant. Njengoba lezi zinto zihlala ndawonye ohlelweni olufanayo, ukwakheka kwegwebu kungenzeka kakhulu, futhi lezi zingxenye ezifana ne-surfactant ziqhubeka nokuzinzisa igwebu elikhiqiziwe.
Lapho kusetshenziswa ama-ionic surfactants njengama-emulsifiers, ifilimu yebhamuza ithola ukushaja kagesi. Ngenxa yokwenqaba okunamandla phakathi kwamacala, amabhamuza amelana nokuhlangana, acindezela inqubo yamabhamuza amancane ahlangane abe amakhudlwana bese ayagoqa. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuvimbela ukuqedwa kwegwebu futhi kuzinzise igwebu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-06-2025