He aha nā mea hoʻohana o nā surfactants i ka hana ʻaila?

1.Surfactants no ka Aila Kaumaha

Ma muli o ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai o ka aila kaumaha, ʻo kāna unuhi ʻana he mau pilikia koʻikoʻi. No ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ia aila kaumaha, hoʻokomo ʻia kahi wai wai o nā surfactants i kekahi manawa i loko o ka luawai e hoʻololi i ka ʻaila ʻeleʻele loa i loko o ka emulsion aila-i-wai, a laila hiki ke hoʻomake ʻia i luna.

ʻO nā surfactants i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kēia ʻano emulsification aila kaumaha a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa viscosity me ka sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, a me ka sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.

Pono ka emulsion aila-i-wai i unuhi ʻia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā surfactants ʻoihana e like me nā demulsifiers. ʻO kēia mau demulsifiers he wai-i-ʻaila emulsifiers. ʻO nā mea maʻamau e hoʻohana ʻia me nā mea hoʻokuʻu cationic a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻakika naphthenic, nā ʻakika asphalt, a me kā lākou mau paʻakai metala polyvalent.

No nā crudes viscous ʻaʻole hiki ke unuhi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano pahū maʻamau, koi ʻia ka hoʻokele mahu no ka hoʻōla wela. No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana hoʻōla wela, pono nā surfactants. ʻO kekahi ala maʻamau, ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka huʻa i loko o ka pūnāwai hoʻoheheʻe mahu—ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea hoʻohāhā kū i ka wela kiʻekiʻe me nā kinoea non-condensable.

ʻO nā mea hoʻohāhā maʻamau ka alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, a me sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Ma muli o kā lākou hana kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili a me ke kūpaʻa e kūʻē i nā waikawa, nā kumu, ka oxygen, ka wela, a me ka ʻaila, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe fluorinated he mau mea hoʻoheheʻe wela kiʻekiʻe.

I mea e maʻalahi ai ka hele ʻana o ka ʻaila i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma o ke ʻano pore-throat o ka hoʻokumu ʻana a i ʻole e maʻalahi ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka ʻaila ma luna o ka ʻili, hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mea hoʻolaha kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi. ʻO kahi laʻana maʻamau he oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.

2.Surfactants no ka Waxy Crude Oil Extraction

Pono ka ʻili ʻana i ka ʻaila waxy maʻamau i ka pale ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokaʻawale wax a me nā dispersants paraffin.

No ka pale ʻana i ka wax, aia nā surfactants hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ʻaila (e hoʻololi i nā ʻano o ka ʻili o nā kristal wax) a me nā surfactant hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe wai (e hoʻololi i nā waiwai o nā ʻili o ka wax-deposition e like me ka paipu, nā koʻokoʻo sucker, a me nā mea hana). ʻO nā surfactants hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka aila maʻamau, ʻo ia ka petroleum sulfonates a me nā surfactants ʻano amine. ʻO nā koho hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ʻo ia ka sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic polyoxyethylene ethers, a me kā lākou sodium sulfonate derivatives.

No ka wehe ʻana i ka paraffin, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā surfactants i loko o ka ʻaila-soluble (hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻoneʻe paraffin ma muli o ka aila) a me ka wai-soluble (e like me ka sulfonate-type, quaternary ammonium-type, polyether-type, Tween-type, OP-type surfactants, a me sulfate/sulfonated PEG-type a i ʻole OP-type surfactants).

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohui nā hana kūloko a me ka honua i ka pale ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i ka wax, e hui pū ana i nā mea hoʻoneʻe ʻaila a me ka wai i loko o nā dispersants paraffin hybrid. Hoʻohana kēia i nā hydrocarbons aromatic ma ke ʻano he ʻaila a me nā emulsifiers me nā waiwai hoʻoheheʻe paraffin e like me ka pae wai. Ke loaʻa i ka emulsifier kahi kapuaʻi kūpono (ʻo ka mahana i lilo ai i ʻohu), hoʻoheheʻe ʻo ia ma lalo o ke kaona deposition wax, e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā ʻāpana ʻelua e hana like.

3.Surfactants no ka aila maloo

Ma ka hoʻolaʻa ʻaila mua a me ka lua, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā demulsifiers aila-i-wai. ʻEkolu hanauna o nā huahana i kūkulu ʻia:

1. ʻO ka hanauna mua: Carboxylates, sulfates, a me sulfonates.

2.Second hanauna: Low-molecular-weight nonionic surfactants (eg, OP, PEG, a me ka aila castor sulfonated).

3.Kolu o ka hanauna: High-molecular-weight nonionic surfactants.

I ka hoʻihoʻi hope ʻana o ke kula kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kula kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa pinepine ka ʻaila ʻaila ma ke ʻano he emulsions wai-i-ʻaila. Hāʻule nā ​​demulsifiers i ʻehā mau ʻāpana:

· ʻO nā paʻakai ammonium Quaternary (e laʻa, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), e hana me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe anionic e hoʻololi i ko lākou HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) a i ʻole adsorb ma luna o nā ʻāpana pālolo pulu wai, e hoʻololi ana i ka pulu.

· Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe Anionic (e hana ana ma ke ʻano he emulsifiers aila-i-wai) a me nā surfactants nonionic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka aila, kūpono hoʻi no ka haki ʻana i nā emulsions wai-i-ʻaila.

Kāhea iā mā˚ou!