1.Surfactants rau hnyav roj Extraction
Vim lub siab viscosity thiab tsis zoo fluidity ntawm cov roj hnyav, nws cov extraction ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Yuav kom rov qab tau cov roj hnyav li no, cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm surfactants yog qee zaum txhaj rau hauv lub qhov dej los hloov cov roj av uas muaj kuab heev rau hauv cov roj viscosity tsawg-hauv-dej emulsion, uas tuaj yeem muab tso rau saum npoo.
Cov surfactants siv nyob rau hauv no hnyav roj emulsification thiab viscosity txo txoj kev muaj xws li sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl cawv ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, thiab sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl cawv ether sulfate.
Lub extracted roj-hauv-dej emulsion yuav tsum tau sib cais dej, uas muaj surfactants kuj ua hauj lwm raws li demulsifiers. Cov demulsifiers yog dej-hauv-roj emulsifiers. Feem ntau siv xws li cationic surfactants los yog naphthenic acids, asphaltic acids, thiab lawv cov ntsev hlau polyvalent.
Rau tshwj xeeb viscous crudes uas tsis tuaj yeem muab rho tawm los ntawm kev siv cov kev siv cov pa, kev txhaj tshuaj rau thermal rov qab yog yuav tsum tau. Txhawm rau txhim kho thermal rov ua haujlwm zoo, surfactants yog tsim nyog. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws yog txhaj ua npuas dej rau hauv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj zoo-tshwj xeeb, cov neeg ua haujlwm kub-resistant foaming nrog rau cov roj uas tsis yog-condensable.
Feem ntau siv foaming agents muaj xws li alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, roj av sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl cawv ethers, thiab sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Vim lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ruaj ntseg tiv thaiv cov kua qaub, cov hauv paus, oxygen, cua sov, thiab roj, fluorinated surfactants yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub-kub foaming agents.
Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev nkag mus ntawm cov roj dispersed los ntawm lub pore- caj pas qauv ntawm kev tsim los yog ua kom cov roj ntawm qhov chaw tsim kom yooj yim dua mus, surfactants hu ua nyias-film kis tus neeg sawv cev. Ib qho piv txwv yog oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2.Surfactants rau Waxy Crude Roj Extraction
Extracting waxy crude roj yuav tsum tsis tu ncua wax tiv thaiv thiab tshem tawm. Surfactants ua ob qho tib si ciab inhibitors thiab paraffin dispersants.
Rau wax inhibition, muaj cov roj-soluble surfactants (uas hloov cov khoom saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv ciab) thiab cov dej-soluble surfactants (uas hloov cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv quav ciab xws li tubing, sucker rods, thiab khoom siv). Cov roj-soluble surfactants muaj xws li roj av sulfonates thiab amine-type surfactants. Cov dej-soluble xaiv muaj xws li sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium ntsev, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic polyoxyethylene ethers, thiab lawv cov sodium sulfonate derivatives.
Rau kev tshem tawm paraffin, surfactants kuj tau categorized rau hauv roj-soluble (siv nyob rau hauv cov roj-raws li paraffin tshem tawm) thiab dej-soluble (xws li sulfonate-type, quaternary ammonium-type, polyether-type, Tween-type, OP-type surfactants, thiab sulfate / sulfonated PEG-type surfants).
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev coj noj coj ua hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb tau koom ua ke kev tiv thaiv thiab tshem tawm, sib txuas cov roj-raws li thiab dej-raws li tshem tawm rau hauv hybrid paraffin dispersants. Cov no siv cov tshuaj tsw qab hydrocarbons raws li cov roj theem thiab emulsifiers nrog paraffin-dissolving zog raws li theem dej. Thaum lub emulsifier muaj qhov tsim nyog huab cua (qhov kub ntawm qhov uas nws dhau los ua huab), nws demulsifies hauv qab ntawm thaj chaw ciab deposition, tso ob yam khoom ua haujlwm ib txhij.
3.Surfactants rau Crude Oil Dehydration
Hauv thawj thiab theem nrab roj rov qab, roj-hauv-dej demulsifiers feem ntau yog siv. Peb tiam ntawm cov khoom tau tsim:
1.Thawj tiam: Carboxylates, sulfates, thiab sulfonates.
2.Second tiam: Low-molecular-weight nonionic surfactants (xws li, OP, PEG, thiab sulfonated castor roj).
3.Peb tiam: High-molecular-weight nonionic surfactants.
Nyob rau hauv theem nrab theem nrab rov qab los thiab tertiary rov qab, cov roj crude feem ntau tshwm sim raws li dej-hauv-roj emulsions. Demulsifiers poob rau hauv plaub pawg:
· Quaternary ammonium ntsev (piv txwv li, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), uas hnov mob nrog anionic emulsifiers los hloov lawv HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic tshuav nyiaj li cas) los yog adsorb rau dej-ntub av nplaum hais, hloov wettability.
· Anionic surfactants (ua raws li roj-hauv-dej emulsifiers) thiab cov roj-soluble nonionic surfactants, kuj zoo rau kev rhuav tshem dej-hauv-roj emulsions.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-17-2025