Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv xeb tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg tseem ceeb:
1. Xaiv cov khoom siv uas tiv taus xeb thiab lwm yam kev tiv thaiv kom raug.
2. Xaiv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv khoom siv uas tsim nyog.
Ua raws li cov cai tswjfwm txheej txheem hauv kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov teeb meem xeb tsis tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo tiv taus xeb, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tsis raug tseem tuaj yeem ua rau xeb hnyav.
1. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kev Sib Tsoo Inorganic
Feem ntau, kev ntxiv me ntsis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb rau hauv qhov chaw xeb tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau xeb qeeb qeeb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau muab faib ua peb hom: inorganic, organic, thiab vapor-phase inhibitors, txhua hom muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv.
• Cov Tshuaj Anodic Inhibitors (ua kom qeeb cov txheej txheem anodic):
Cov no suav nrog cov tshuaj oxidizers (chromates, nitrites, hlau ions, thiab lwm yam) uas txhawb nqa anodic passivation lossis cov neeg sawv cev anodic filming (alkalis, phosphates, silicates, benzoates, thiab lwm yam) uas tsim cov zaj duab xis tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw anode. Lawv feem ntau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv thaj chaw anodic, ua rau anodic polarization zoo dua. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj anodic inhibitors tsim cov zaj duab xis tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw anode, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tab sis muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo - kev siv tshuaj tsis txaus yuav ua rau cov zaj duab xis tsis tiav, tawm hauv cov chaw me me uas tsis muaj hlau nrog cov anodic tam sim no siab, ua rau muaj kev xeb pitting ntau dua.
• Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Cathodic (ua haujlwm rau qhov kev tshuaj tiv thaiv cathodic):
Piv txwv li muaj xws li calcium, zinc, magnesium, tooj liab, thiab manganese ions, uas ua rau muaj hydroxide ions tsim tawm ntawm cathode los tsim cov insoluble hydroxides. Cov no tsim cov zaj duab xis tuab ntawm qhov chaw cathode, thaiv cov pa oxygen diffusion thiab ua rau cov concentration polarization ntau ntxiv.
• Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Sib Xyaws (tswj ob qho kev cuam tshuam anodic thiab cathodic):
Cov no yuav tsum tau sim txiav txim siab seb yuav siv npaum li cas zoo tshaj plaws.
2. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kev Xeb Organic
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic ua haujlwm los ntawm kev nqus, tsim ib daim zaj duab xis uas tsis pom, tuab molecular rau ntawm qhov chaw hlau uas tib lub sijhawm tiv thaiv ob qho tib si anodic thiab cathodic reactions (txawm hais tias muaj kev ua haujlwm sib txawv). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic feem ntau suav nrog nitrogen-, sulfur-, oxygen-, thiab phosphorus-muaj cov tshuaj. Lawv cov txheej txheem nqus nyob ntawm cov qauv molecular thiab tuaj yeem faib ua:
· Kev nqus dej electrostatic
· Kev nqus tshuaj lom neeg
· π-bond (delocalized electron) adsorption
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic siv dav dav thiab hloov pauv sai, tab sis lawv kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo, xws li:
· Kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov khoom (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov ntsig txog zaub mov) - thaum muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib qho kev pab cuam
theem kev pib, lawv yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lwm tus.
· Kev txwv tsis pub ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (piv txwv li, ua kom qeeb qeeb tshem tawm zaj duab xis thaum lub sijhawm kua qaub pickling).
3. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kev Xeb Hauv Paus
Cov no yog cov tshuaj uas yaj tau yooj yim heev uas muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv xeb, feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv cov khoom hlau thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab thauj mus los (feem ntau yog cov khoom khov). Lawv cov pa tso tawm cov pab pawg tiv thaiv nquag hauv cov dej noo hauv huab cua, uas tom qab ntawd nqus mus rau ntawm qhov chaw hlau kom qeeb qeeb xeb.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nqus dej, txhais tau tias qhov chaw hlau uas tau tiv thaiv tsis tas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm xeb ua ntej.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-09-2025