Indlela yokusebenza kwe-crudeizinyibilikisi zeoyileisekelwe kwithiyori ye-phase inversion-reverse deformation. Emva kokongeza i-demulsifier, kwenzeka i-phase inversion, ivelisa ii-surfactants ezivelisa uhlobo oluchaseneyo lwe-emulsion nolo lwenziwe yi-emulsifier (i-reverse demulsifier). Ezi demulsifiers zisebenzisana nee-hydrophobic emulsifiers ukwenza ii-complexes, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa iipropati ze-emulsifying. Enye indlela kukuqhekeka kwefilimu ye-interfacial ngokungqubana. Phantsi kobushushu okanye ukushukunyiswa, ii-demulsifiers zihlala zingqubana nefilimu ye-interfacial ye-emulsion—nokuba inamathela kuyo okanye isusa ezinye iimolekyuli ze-surfactant—ezibangela ukuba ifilimu ingazinzi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhumeni, ekuhlanganiseni, nasekukhutshweni ekugqibeleni.
Ii-emulsion zeoyile ekrwada zihlala zenzeka ngexesha lokuveliswa kweoyile kunye nokucocwa kwayo. Uninzi lweoyile ekrwada ehlabathini iveliswa ngendlela ekrwada. I-emulsion inezilwelo ezimbini ezingenakuxutywa, apho enye isasazeka njengamathontsi amancinci kakhulu (malunga ne-1 mm ububanzi) axhonywe kwenye.
Ngokwesiqhelo, enye yezi zinto zimanzi ngamanzi, enye yioyile. Ioyile ingasasazwa kakuhle emanzini, yenze i-emulsion yeoyile emanzini (O/W), apho amanzi ayi-phase eqhubekayo kwaye ioyile yi-phase esasazekayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba ioyile yi-phase eqhubekayo kwaye amanzi asasazwa, yenza i-emulsion yamanzi kwioyile (W/O). Uninzi lwee-emulsion zeoyile eluhlaza zezohlobo lokugqibela.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando malunga neendlela zokususa ioyile eluhlaza lugxile ekuqwalaselweni okuneenkcukacha kwe-droplet coalescence kunye nempembelelo ye-demulsifiers kwi-rheology ye-interfacial. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima bokusebenzisana kwe-demulsifier-emulsion, nangona uphando olubanzi, akukabikho ngcamango idibeneyo malunga nendlela yokususa i-oyile eluhlaza.
Iindlela ezininzi ezamkelweyo ngokubanzi ziquka:
1. Ukufuduka kweMolekyuli: Iimolekyuli zeDemulsifier zithatha indawo yee-emulsifiers kwindawo yokujonga, ziphazamisa i-emulsion.
2. Ukuguquguquka kwemibimbi: Izifundo zeMicroscopic zibonisa ukuba ii-emulsions ze-W/O zineeleya zamanzi ezimbini okanye ezininzi ezahlulwe ziindandatho zeoyile. Phantsi kobushushu, ukushukuma, kunye nesenzo se-demulsifier, ezi leya ziyadibana, zibangele ukuhlangana kwamathontsi.
Ukongeza, uphando lwasekhaya kwiinkqubo ze-emulsion ze-O/W lubonisa ukuba i-demulsifier efanelekileyo kufuneka ihlangabezane nezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo: umsebenzi oqinileyo womphezulu, ukufuma kakuhle, amandla okwanela okushukuma, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuhlanganisana.
Ii-demulsifiers zinokuhlulwahlulwa ngokusekelwe kwiintlobo ze-surfactant:
•Ii-demulsifier ze-anionic: Ziquka ii-carboxylates, ii-sulfonates, kunye nee-polyoxyethylene fatty sulfates. Azisebenzi kakuhle, zifuna iidosi ezinkulu, kwaye zinovelwano kwii-electrolytes.
•Ii-Cationic demulsifiers: Iityuwa ze-ammonium ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zi-quaternary, zisebenza kakuhle kwioyile ekhaphukhaphu kodwa azifanelekanga kwioyile enzima okanye endala.
•Ii-demulsifiers ezingezizo ii-ionic: Ziquka ii-block polyethers eziqalwa zii-amines okanye ii-alcohols, ii-alkylphenol resin block polyethers, ii-phenol-amine resin block polyethers, ii-demulsifiers ezisekelwe kwi-silicone, ii-ultra-high molecular weight demulsifiers, ii-polyphosphates, ii-modified block polyethers, kunye nee-zwitterionic demulsifiers (umz., ii-crude oil demulsifiers ezisekelwe kwi-imidazoline).
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-22-2025