1.Ii-surfactants zokukhupha ioyile enzima
Ngenxa yokuba i-oyile enzima inamandla kakhulu kwaye ayinyibiliki kakuhle, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kujongana nobunzima obuninzi. Ukuze kubuyiselwe ioyile enzima kangaka, izisombululo zamanzi ze-surfactants ngamanye amaxesha zifakwa kwi-downhole. Le nkqubo iguqula ioyile enzima ene-viscosity ephezulu ibe yi-oyile-emanzini (O/W) emulsions ene-viscosity ephantsi, enokuthi emva koko ipompelwe kumphezulu. Ii-surfactants ezisetyenziswa kule ndlela ye-emulsification yeoyile enzima kunye nokunciphisa i-viscosity ziquka i-sodium alkyl sulfonate, i-polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, i-polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, i-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, kunye ne-sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.
Ii-emulsion zeoyile emanzini eziveliswayo kufuneka zisuswe emanzini ukuze zahlule inxalenye yamanzi, nto leyo ekwafuna ukusetyenziswa kwee-surfactants ezithile zoshishino njenge-demulsifiers. Ezi demulsifiers zii-emulsifiers zamanzi-kwi-oyile (W/O), kunye neentlobo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kuquka ii-surfactants ze-cationic, ii-naphthenic acids, ii-asphaltonic acids, kunye neetyuwa zazo zesinyithi ezi-polyvalent.
Kwiintlobo ezikhethekileyo zeoyile enzima ezingenakusetyenziswa ziiyunithi zokupompa eziqhelekileyo, kufuneka inaliti yomphunga ukuze kubuyiselwe ubushushu. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyiselwa kobushushu, kufuneka ii-surfactants. Ukufaka i-foam—oko kukuthi, ukufaka ii-agents ze-foam ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye neegesi ezingavuthiyo—kwimigodi ye-steam injection yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa rhoqo. Ii-agents ze-foam ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka i-alkylbenzene sulfonate, i-α-olefin sulfonate, i-petroleum sulfonate, i-sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, kunye ne-sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wazo ophezulu womphezulu kunye nokuzinza kwazo ngokuchasene nee-asidi, ii-alkalis, ioksijini, ubushushu, kunye neoyile, ii-surfactants ezifakwe i-fluorinated zithathwa njengee-agents ezifanelekileyo zokufaka igwebu kubushushu obuphezulu. Ukongeza, ukuze kube lula ukudlula kweoyile esasazekileyo kwimiqala yokwakheka okanye ukukhuthaza ukufuduka kweoyile kwiindawo zokwakheka, ii-surfactants ezaziwa ngokuba zii-agents zefilimu ziyasetyenziswa, apho uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lusetyenziswa njenge-polyoxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2.Ii-surfactants zokubuyisela i-Waxy Crude Oil Recovery
Ukuze kubuyiselwe ioyile eluhlaza efana newax, kufuneka kwenziwe imisebenzi yokuthintela iwax kunye nokususa iwax rhoqo, apho ii-surfactants zisebenza njenge-wax inhibitors kunye ne-wax removers.
Ii-surfactants zokuthintela i-wax zahlulwe kwiindidi ezimbini: ii-surfactants ezinyibilikayo kwi-oyile kunye nee-surfactants ezinyibilikayo emanzini. Ezi zokuqala zisebenza ngempembelelo yazo yokuthintela i-wax ngokuguqula iipropati zomphezulu weekristale ze-wax, kunye nee-sulfonates ze-petroleum kunye nee-surfactants zohlobo lwe-amine njengezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ii-surfactants ezinyibilikayo emanzini zisebenza ngokutshintsha iimpawu zomphezulu ogcina i-wax (ezifana nomphezulu weetyhubhu zeoyile, iintonga ze-sucker kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene noko). Iindlela ezikhoyo ziquka i-sodium alkyl sulfonates, ii-quaternary ammonium salts, ii-alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, ii-aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers, kunye nee-sodium sulfonate derivatives zazo.
Ii-surfactants zokususa i-wax nazo zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini ngokusekwe kwiimeko zazo zokusetyenziswa. Ii-surfactants ezinyibilikayo kwioyile zidityaniswe kwii-removers ze-wax ezisekelwe kwioyile, ngelixa ii-surfactants ezinyibilikayo emanzini—kuquka uhlobo lwe-sulfonate, uhlobo lwe-quaternary ammonium salt, uhlobo lwe-polyether, uhlobo lwe-Tween kunye nohlobo lwe-OP, kunye nee-surfactants ze-sulfate-esterified okanye ze-sulfonated ze-Peregal kunye nohlobo lwe-OP—zisetyenziswa kwii-removers ze-wax ezisekelwe emanzini.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amashishini asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe adibanise ukususwa kwewax ngokwendalo kunye neetekhnoloji zokuthintela iwax, kunye nezisusa iwax ezisekwe kwioyile kunye nezisekwe emanzini ukuze kuphuhliswe izisusa iwax ezihlanganisiweyo. Ezi mveliso zisebenzisa iihydrocarbons ezinuka kamnandi kunye neehydrocarbons ezixutyiweyo ezinuka kamnandi njengesigaba seoyile, kunye nezisusa iwax ezineempawu zokususa iwax njengesigaba samanzi. Xa i-emulsifier ekhethiweyo iyinto engeyiyo i-surfactant enenqaku elifanelekileyo lefu, ubushushu obungaphantsi kwecandelo lokufaka iwax kwiqula leoyile bunokufikelela okanye budlule inqaku layo lefu. Ngenxa yoko, i-hybrid wax remover iyasusa iwax ngaphambi kokuba ingene kwicandelo lokufaka iwax, yahlulwe ibe ngamacandelo amabini asebenza ngokubambisana ukususa iwax.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-04-2026