Itekhnoloji kunye neemveliso ze-surfactant eluhlaza ziye zaphucuka ngokukhawuleza, ezinye zifikelela kwimigangatho ehamba phambili kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuveliswa kwe-surfactants ezintsha eziluhlaza kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezivuselelekayo ezifana neeoyile kunye nesitatshi kuye kwaba yinto ephambili kuphando lwakutshanje, uphuhliso, kunye nemizamo yophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso. Ukwahlukahluka kweentlobo ze-surfactant kunye ne-derivatives kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini ahlukeneyo.
Nangona uphuhliso lweentlobo ze-surfactant ezisebenzayo ezincinci luye lwaqhubeka ngokukhawuleza, kusekho umsantsa omkhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo kunye nobuninzi xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo. Ukusebenza ngendlela eyiyo yenye indlela ephambili yophuhliso lwe-surfactant, exhaswa yisikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe kwaye yamkelwe ngokubanzi lishishini. Amaziko ophando lwasekhaya, iiyunivesithi, kunye neenkampani zenze imizamo emikhulu kweli candelo, zivelisa iziphumo ezithembisayo.
Kwizisombululo zamanzi, izinto ezibangela ukudumba azitshintshi nje kuphela umsebenzi wesisombululo (oko kukuthi, zinciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu) kodwa zikwachaphazela kakhulu iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuhlanjwa ezifana nokungena, ukufunxa, ukumanzisa, ukusasazwa, ukuxuba, ukunyibilikisa, kunye nokufutha—ingakumbi kufutshane ne-critical micelle concentration (CMC).
Ii-surfactants ezisetyenziswa kwiisepha zokwenziwa azizozinto zimbini kuphela kodwa zihlala ziqulathe ubungakanani obahlukeneyo bee-homologs ezikufutshane. Ngaphezu koko, ii-surfactants zihlala zingaphantsi kwesithathu sobunzima besepha, kwaye okuseleyo kuqulathe izongezo ezahlukeneyo kunye neearhente ezincedisayo ezisebenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokuhlamba iisepha zokwenziwa ezinamacandelo amaninzi ibandakanya indlela entsonkothileyo nehambelanayo.
Eyona nto iphambili kwiisepha zokwenziwa ziimolekyuli ezihlala emanzini, ezinamaqela athanda amanzi (athanda ioyile) kunye namaqela athanda amanzi (athanda amanzi). Ezi molekyuli zifunxa kwiindawo ezidibana kuzo, zenze ii-monolayers ezinciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu—into eyaziwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi womphezulu (okanye we-interfacial). Izinto ezibonisa olu phawu zibizwa ngokuba zii-arhente ezisebenzayo kumphezulu (ii-surfactants).
Xa uhlamba amalaphu ane-oyile ngamanzi kuphela, ukungaxubeki kwe-oyile namanzi kwenza kube nzima ukususa amabala. Ukongeza isepha okanye izicoci zokwenziwa kutshintsha uxinzelelo oluphakathi kwe-oyile, amanzi, ilaphu kunye nomoya, oku kubangela iinkqubo ezifana nokungena, ukufunxa, ukumanzisa, ukusasazwa, ukuxubha, ukunyibilikisa, kunye nokugqwala. Xa zidityaniswe nesenzo soomatshini (ukukhuhla okanye ukushukunyiswa komatshini), oku kwenza kube lula ukususa amabala eoyile ngokufanelekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-24-2025