Ziziphi ii-biosurfactants?

I-Biosurfactants yi-metabolites efihliweyo yi-microorganisms ngexesha leenkqubo zabo ze-metabolic phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokulima. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-surfactants ezenziwe ngemichiza, ii-biosurfactants zineempawu ezininzi ezizodwa, ezinje ngeyantlukwano yesakhiwo, ukubola kwebhayoloji, umsebenzi obanzi webhayoloji, kunye nobuhlobo bendalo. Ngenxa yezinto ezinjengokufumaneka kwezinto ezikrwada, iindleko, kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-synthetic surfactants-kudityaniswa notyekelo lwabo lokubangela ungcoliseko olubi lwendalo kunye nokubeka imingcipheko kwimpilo yabantu ngexesha lemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa-uphando kwi-biosurfactants lukhule kakhulu kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo njengoko ulwazi lwendalo kunye nempilo luye lwanda. Indawo ikhule ngokukhawuleza, inamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza afakwe kumazwe ngamazwe kwii-biosurfactants ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zazo zemveliso. E-China, uphando lugxile ikakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwee-biosurfactants ekuphuculeni ukubuyiswa kwe-oyile kunye ne-bioremediation.

I-1.Iintlobo ze-Biosurfactants kunye ne-Straining Straining

1.1 Iindidi zeBiosurfactants

Ii-surfactants ezenziwe ngemichiza ngokwesiqhelo zihlelwa ngokusekwe kumaqela azo amhlophe, ngelixa ii-biosurfactants zihlelwa ngokweempawu zazo ze-biochemical kunye nee-microorganisms ezivelisayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintlanu: i-glycolipids, i-phospholipids kunye ne-fatty acids, i-lipopeptides kunye ne-lipoproteins, i-polymeric surfactants, kunye nee-surfactants ezikhethekileyo.

1.2 Ukuvelisa iiStrains zeBiosurfactants

Uninzi lwee-biosurfactants zi-metabolites zebhaktheriya, igwele kunye nomngundo. Ezi ntlobo zivelisayo zijongwa ikakhulu kumachibi angcoliswe yi-oyile, umhlaba, okanye iindawo zaselwandle.

2.Ukuveliswa kwee-Biosurfactants

Okwangoku, ii-biosurfactants zinokuveliswa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili: i-microbial fermentation kunye ne-enzymatic synthesis.

Kwi-fermentation, uhlobo kunye nesivuno se-biosurfactants sixhomekeke ikakhulu kuxinzelelo lwe-microorganism, inqanaba lokukhula kwayo, ubunjani be-carbon substrate, i-concentrations ye-N, P, kunye nee-ion zetsimbi (ezifana ne-Mg²⁺ kunye ne-Fe²⁺) kwindawo yenkcubeko, kunye neemeko zokulima (pH, isantya sobushushu, njl.). Iingenelo zokuvutshelwa ziquka iindleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa, ukuhlukahluka kweemveliso, kunye neenkqubo ezilula, okwenza ukuba zilungele imveliso yemizi-mveliso emikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zokwahlula kunye nokuhlanjululwa zingaba phezulu.

Ngokwahlukileyo, i-enzymatic synthesized surfactants kaninzi inezakhiwo ezilula ngokwemolekyuli kodwa zibonisa umsebenzi ogqwesileyo womphezulu ngokulinganayo. Inzuzo yendlela ye-enzymatic ibandakanya iindleko eziphantsi zokutsalwa, ukukhululeka kokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo, ukuhlanjululwa okuthe ngqo, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe i-enzymes engenakunyakaziswa. Ukongeza, i-enzymatic synthesized surfactants ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu, ezifana namacandelo amayeza. Nangona iindleko ze-enzyme ziphezulu okwangoku, inkqubela phambili kubunjineli bemfuza ukomeleza uzinzo lwe-enzyme kunye nomsebenzi kulindeleke ukuba unciphise iindleko zemveliso.