Ukwenziwa kwe-ore etyebileyo yinkqubo yemveliso elungiselela izinto eziluhlaza zokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye noshishino lweekhemikhali, kwaye ukuthambisa ngomgubo kuye kwaba yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwe-etyebileyo. Phantse zonke izixhobo zezimbiwa zinokwahlulwa ngokusebenzisa ukuthambisa ngomgubo.
Okwangoku, i-flotation isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuphuculeni iintsimbi ze-ferrous—ngokuyintloko i-iron kunye ne-manganese—ezifana ne-hematite, i-smithsonite, kunye ne-ilmenite; iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide nesilivere; iintsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous ezifana ne-copper, i-lead, i-zinc, i-cobalt, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, kunye ne-antimony, kubandakanya iiminerali ze-sulfide ezifana ne-galena, i-sphalerite, i-chalcopyrite, i-bornite, i-molybdenite, kunye ne-pentlandite, kunye neeminerali ze-oxide ezifana ne-malachite, i-cerussite, i-hemimorphite, i-cassiterite, kunye ne-wolframite. Ikwasetyenziselwa iiminerali zetyuwa ezingezona i-metallic ezifana ne-fluorite, i-apatite, kunye ne-barite, iiminerali zetyuwa ezinyibilikayo ezifana ne-potash kunye netyuwa yamatye, kunye neeminerali ezingezona i-metallic kunye neeminerali ze-silicate ezifana namalahle, i-graphite, i-sulfur, iidayimani, i-quartz, i-mica, i-feldspar, i-beryl, kunye ne-spodumene.
I-Flotation iqokelele amava amaninzi kwicandelo lokuphucula izinto, kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji. Iiminerali ezazikade zithathwa njengezingenaxabiso lemizi-mveliso ngenxa yomgangatho wazo ophantsi okanye isakhiwo sazo esintsonkothileyo ngoku ziyafunyanwa (njengezixhobo zesibini) ngokufaka i-flotation.
Njengoko izixhobo zezimbiwa ziya zisiba buthathaka ngakumbi, kunye neeminerali eziluncedo ezisasazwa kakuhle kwaye zintsonkothileyo ngaphakathi kweentsimbi, ubunzima bokuhlukana buye banda. Ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, amashishini afana nezixhobo zesinyithi kunye neekhemikhali amisele imigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo zokucubungula izinto ezikrwada—oko kukuthi, iimveliso ezahlulweyo.
Kwelinye icala, kukho imfuneko yokuphucula umgangatho, kwaye kwelinye icala, umngeni wokwahlula iiminerali ezicoliweyo wenze ukutyibilika kwe-flotation kube ngcono kakhulu kunezinye iindlela, nto leyo eyimisela njengeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu nethembisayo yokwenza inzuzo namhlanje. Ekuqaleni, xa isetyenziswa kwiiminerali ze-sulfide, ukutyibilika kwe-flotation kuye kwanda kancinci kancinci kwaza kwabandakanya iiminerali ze-oxide kunye neeminerali ezingezizo zesinyithi. Namhlanje, umthamo wehlabathi weeminerali ezicutshungulwa yi-flotation udlula iitoni ezininzi zeebhiliyoni.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokudada kuye kwanda ngaphaya kobunjineli bokucubungula izimbiwa kwaya kwiindawo ezifana nokukhuselwa kwendalo, i-metallurgy, ukwenza amaphepha, ezolimo, iikhemikhali, ukutya, izixhobo, amayeza, kunye nebhayoloji.
Imizekelo ibandakanya ukubuyiswa kwezinto ezixabisekileyo ezivela kwiimveliso eziphakathi kwi-pyrometallurgy, i-volatiles, kunye ne-slag; ukubuyiswa kwe-flotation yeentsalela ze-leaching kunye ne-displacement precipitates kwi-hydrometallurgy; ukusetyenziswa kwe-flotation kwishishini leekhemikhali ukususa i-inki yephepha elisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokubuyisa iifayibha kwi-pulp waste liquor; kunye nezicelo zobunjineli bendalo ezifana nokukhupha ioyile enzima ekrwada kwi-sediments yomlambo, ukwahlula ungcoliseko oluqinileyo kumanzi amdaka, kunye nokususa ii-colloids, iibhaktheriya, kunye nokungcola kwesinyithi esincinci.
Ngokuphuculwa kweenkqubo kunye neendlela zokudada, kunye nokuvela kwee-reagents kunye nezixhobo ezintsha nezisebenza kakuhle, i-flotation iya kufumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi ngakumbi kumashishini nakwiindawo ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-flotation kubandakanya iindleko eziphezulu zokucubungula (xa kuthelekiswa nokwahlulwa kwemagnethi okanye amandla omxhuzulane), iimfuno ezingqongqo zobukhulu beentwana zokutya, izinto ezininzi ezinefuthe kwinkqubo yokudada ezifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokusebenza, kunye neengozi ezinokubakho kwindalo esingqongileyo ezivela kumanzi amdaka aqulethe ii-reagents ezisele.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-14-2025