Indlela ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela ye-surfactants ibonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo yangaphandle yophuhliso nokwandiswa kweshishini lezinto zokuthambisa, nto leyo ebeka iimfuno eziphezulu kwisakhiwo semveliso, iintlobo ngeentlobo, ukusebenza, kunye netekhnoloji. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa ngokucwangcisiweyo ii-surfactants ezikhuselekileyo, ezithambileyo, ezinokubola ngokulula, kwaye zinikwe imisebenzi ekhethekileyo, ngaloo ndlela zibeka isiseko sethiyori sokwenza nokusebenzisa iimveliso ezintsha. Eyona nto iphambili kufuneka inikwe ekuphuhliseni ii-surfactants ezisekelwe kwi-glycoside, kunye nokudibanisa ii-surfactants zohlobo lwe-polyol kunye nolwe-alcohol; ukwenza uphando olucwangcisiweyo kwi-surfactants ezivela kwi-soya phospholipid; ukuvelisa uluhlu lwee-sucrose fatty acid ester series; ukuqinisa izifundo kwi-compounding technologies; kunye nokwandisa ububanzi bezicelo zeemveliso ezikhoyo.
Imeko apho izinto ezinganyibilikiyo emanzini zihlanganiswa ngokulinganayo emanzini ukuze zenze i-emulsion ibizwa ngokuba yi-emulsification. Kwizinto zokuthambisa, ii-emulsifiers zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iikhrimu kunye nee-lotions. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-powdery vanishing cream kunye ne-"Zhongxing" vanishing cream zombini zii-emulsions ze-O/W (oyile-emanzini), ezinokuxutywa kusetyenziswa ii-anionic emulsifiers ezifana neesepha ze-fatty acid. I-emulsification ngesepha yenza kube lula ukufumana ii-emulsions ezinomxholo weoyile ophantsi, kwaye isiphumo se-gelling sesepha sizinika i-viscosity ephezulu. Kwiikhrimu ezibandayo eziqulethe inxalenye enkulu yesigaba seoli, ii-emulsions ikakhulu ziluhlobo lwe-W/O (oyile-emanzini), apho i-lanolin yendalo—enomthamo wayo onamandla wokufunxa amanzi kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu—inokukhethwa njenge-emulsifier. Okwangoku, ii-emulsifiers ezingezizo ze-ionic zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ngenxa yokhuseleko lwazo kunye nokucaphuka okuncinci.
Ingxaki apho ukunyibilika kwezinto ezinyibilikayo kancinci okanye ezinganyibilikiyo kwandiswa khona kuthiwa kukunyibilika. Xa ii-surfactants zongezwa emanzini, uxinzelelo lomphezulu wamanzi luyehla kakhulu ekuqaleni, emva koko ii-aggregates zee-surfactant molecules ezaziwa ngokuba yi-micelles ziqala ukwakheka. Uxinzelelo lwe-surfactant apho ukwakheka kwe-micelle kwenzeka khona lubizwa ngokuba yi-critical micelle concentration (CMC). Nje ukuba uxinano lwe-surfactant lufikelele kwi-CMC, ii-micelles zinokubamba ioyile okanye amasuntswana aqinileyo kwiziphelo ze-hydrophobic zee-molecules zazo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukunyibilika kwezinto ezinganyibilikiyo kakuhle okanye ezinganyibilikiyo.
Kwizinto zokuthambisa, izinto zokuthambisa zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iitoni, iioyile zeenwele, kunye nokulungiselela ukukhula nokulungisa iinwele. Ngenxa yokuba izithako zokuthambisa ezinamafutha—ezifana neziqholo, amafutha, kunye neevithamini ezinyibilikayo kwioyile—zahlukile kwisakhiwo kunye ne-polarity, iindlela zazo zokuthambisa nazo ziyahluka; ngoko ke, ii-surfactants ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe njengezinyibilikisi. Umzekelo, ekubeni iitoni zinyibilikisa iziqholo, iioyile, kunye namayeza, ii-alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers zinokusetyenziselwa le njongo. Nangona ii-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (uhlobo lwe-OP, uhlobo lwe-TX) zinamandla amakhulu okuthambisa, ziyacaphukisa emehlweni kwaye ke ngoko zihlala zithintelwa. Ngaphezu koko, izinto eziphuma kwi-amphoteric ezisekwe kwioyile ye-castor zibonisa ukunyibilika okuhle kakhulu kwiioyile zevumba kunye neeoyile zemifuno, kwaye ekubeni zingacaphukisi amehlo, zifanelekile ukulungiselela iishampu ezithambileyo kunye nezinye izinto zokuthambisa.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-05-2025