1.Pānga Whakapūhui
Ko te hononga whānui o ngā rōpū hydrophilic me lipophilic i roto i ngā ngota surfactant ki te hinu, ki te wai rānei. I runga i ngā wheako, ko te awhe o te uara Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) o ngā surfactants he 0–40, ko te awhe o ngā surfactants kore-ionic kei roto i te 0–20.
Tātai tāpiritanga ranu: HLB=（HLBa Wa+HLBb /Wb） / （Wa+Wb）Tatautanga Ariā：HLB=∑（Uara HLB o ngā Rōpū Waikawa）+∑（Uara HLB o ngā Rōpū Ngako）-7 HLB：3-8 W/O-Emulsifier：Tween；Uara HLB o ngā Hōpi Monovalent：8-16 O/W-Emulsifier：Span；Hōpi Divalent.
Ko te pūnaha marara matotoru i hangaia mā te marara i tētahi, i ētahi rānei wai hei pata wai he nui ake i te 10−7m te whānui ki roto i tētahi atu wai kore e taea te whakaranu, ka kiia he emulsion. Me tāpiri he emulsifier kia mau tonu ai tōna āhua pumau. I runga i te hanganga o te emulsifier, ka taea te hanga i tētahi emulsion hinu-i-te-wai (O/W) me te wai hei wāhanga tonu, i tētahi emulsion wai-i-te-hinu (W/O) rānei me te hinu hei wāhanga tonu. I ētahi wā, me tāpiri tētahi atu momo surfactant hei wawahi i te emulsion, e kiia nei ko te demulsifier. Ka wehea e ia te wāhanga marara mai i te reo marara i roto i te emulsion. Hei tauira, ka tāpirihia ngā demulsifier ki te hinu mata hei wehe i te hinu mai i te wai.
2. Ngā pānga pahuka me te whakakore pahuka
He whānuitia hoki te whakamahinga o ngā matū horoi i roto i te umanga rongoā. I roto i ngā whakaritenga rongoā, he maha ngā rongoā kore-wairewa pērā i ētahi hinu whakakorikori, ngā cellulose wairewa-ngako me ngā homoni steroid ka taea te hanga i ngā otinga mārama me te whakanui ake i ō rātou kukū nā te pānga whakarewa o ngā matū horoi. I roto i te tukanga whakarite rongoā, ka mahi ngā matū horoi hei emulsifiers tino nui, hei kaihoko whakamakuku, hei kaihoko whakatārewatanga, hei kaihoko pahuka me te tango pahuka. Ko te "huka" e tautuhia ana he hau e karapotia ana e te kiriata wai. Ka taea e ētahi matū horoi te hanga kiriata o te kaha motuhake ina konatunatua ki te wai, ka mau te hau hei whakaputa pahuka; ka kiia aua matū horoi he kaihoko pahuka, ā, ka whakamahia i roto i te pupuhi pahuka, te tinei ahi pahuka me te horoi me te tango paru. I tetahi atu taha, e hiahiatia ana hoki ngā matū whakakore pahuka i roto i ētahi āhuatanga: hei tauira, ka puta he pahuka nui i te wā e hanga huka ana me te tukatuka rongoā tuku iho Hainamana, nō reira me tāpiri ngā matū horoi tika hei whakaiti i te kaha o te kiriata wai, hei whakakore i ngā mirumiru me te ārai i ngā aituā.
3. Pānga whakatārewatanga
I roto i te umanga patu pepeke,E hiahiatia ana he nui o ngā matū horoi mō ngā paura mākū, ngā matū whakapūkara e taea te whakarewa, me ngā matū horoi kukū. Hei tauira, ko ngā matū hohe o ngā paura mākū he matū waro he ātete wai. Mēnā kei te aroaro o ngā matū horoi, e whakaiti ana i te taumahatanga o te mata o te wai, ka taea te mākū i ngā matūriki patupatu ki te wai, ka hanga he wai whakatārewatanga.
Ko te whakamahinga o ngā matū horoi i roto i te whakamānutanga o te konganuku e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pānga āwhina whakamānutanga. Ka whakaohokia te penupenu konganuku i te wā e pupuhihia ana te hau mai i raro o te tāke; kātahi ka huihui ngā mirumiru e mau ana i ngā matūriki konganuku whai hua ki runga i te mata. Ka kohia ēnei mirumiru, ā, ka pakaruhia te pahuka ka whakaemihia kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te whakarei ake i te konganuku. Ka noho tonu te paru me te toka kore-konganuku ki raro o te tāke, ā, ka tangohia i ia wā. Ina kapihia te 5% o te mata o te matūriki konganuku e ngā kaikohi, ka noho te mata hei wai-whakaaro, ka piri ngā matūriki konganuku ki ngā mirumiru ka rere ki runga ki te mata wai kia ngāwari ai te kohi. Me whiriwhiri ngā kaikohi e tika ana kia mimiti noa ō rātou rōpū wai-whakaaro ki runga i te mata o te matūriki konganuku, me ngā rōpū wai-whakaaro e anga ana ki te wai.
4. Te patu huakita me te whakahoromata
I roto i te umanga rongoā, ka taea te whakamahi hei patu harore me hei patu huakita. Ko ō rātou pānga patu huakita me te patu huakita e pā ana ki tā rātou taunekeneke kaha ki ngā pūmua i roto i ngā kiriata koiora huakita, e whakakore ana, e whakakore rānei i ēnei pūmua. He tino wairewa ēnei patu huakita ki te wai. I runga i te kukū e whakamahia ana, ka taea te whakamahi hei patu huakita kiri i mua i te pokanga, hei patu huakita patunga, kiriuhi rānei, hei patu huakita taputapu, me te patu huakita taiao.
5. Te hopi horoi me te pānga horoi
He tukanga uaua te tango i te paru hinuhinu, e pā ana ki ngā mahi kua whakahuatia ake nei pērā i te whakamakuku me te pahuka. Me tāpiri e ngā hopi horoi he maha ngā momo kai āwhina hei whakarei ake i te pānga whakamakuku ki ngā mea e horoia ana, ā, he mahi anō hoki tā rātou pērā i te pahuka, te whakama, me te noho i te mata kua horoia hei ārai i te poke anō. I roto i ēnei, ko te tukanga whakakore poke o ngā matū horoi, ko ngā wāhanga matua, koia ēnei: he nui te mānutanga o te mata o te wai, ā, he ngoikore te mahi whakamakuku ki ngā paru hinu, he uaua ki te horoi i ngā paru hinu. I muri i te tāpiri i ngā matū horoi, ka anga atu ngā rōpū hydrophobic ki te mata o te papanga ka piri ki te paru, ka wehe mārire te paru mai i te mata. Ka iri te paru i roto i te wai, ka mānu rānei ki te mata me te pahuka, kātahi ka tangohia, ā, ka nohoia te mata ma e ngā ngota matū horoi. Hei whakamutunga, me mōhio ko te mahi a ngā matū horoi ehara i te mea nā te taha kotahi o tā rātou mahi anake; i roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, ko te hua o te mahi tahi o ngā āhuatanga maha. Hei tauira, i roto i te umanga hanga pepa, ka taea te whakamahi hei kai tunu kai, hei tango waituhi pepa para, hei rahi, hei whakahaere arai kapia, hei tango pahuka, hei whakangawari, hei ārai pūmau, hei aukati unahi, hei whakangawari, hei tango hinu, hei patu huakita me te patu rimurimu, hei aukati waikura, me ētahi atu.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-29-2025