Amakuru

1. Igikorwa cyo kuvomesha (HLB isabwa: 7-9)

Gutobesha bivuga ikintu aho gazi yinjiriye ku buso bukomeye isimburwa n'amazi. Ibintu byongera ubu bushobozi bwo gusimbuza byitwa ibikoresho byo kunyobesha. Gutobesha muri rusange bigabanyijemo ubwoko butatu: gutobesha mu buryo bworoshye (gufata), gutobesha mu mazi (kwinjira mu mazi), no gutobesha mu buryo bworoshye (gukwirakwiza).

Muri ibyo, gukwirakwiza ni cyo gipimo cyo hejuru cyo kunywesha, kandi igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza gikunze gukoreshwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'imikorere yo kunywesha hagati y'uburyo.

Byongeye kandi, inguni yo guhuza ni na yo ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo kunywesha.

Gukoresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe bishobora kugenzura urugero rw'amazi n'ibintu bikomeye bitose.

Mu nganda zikora imiti yica udukoko, uduce duto n'ifu yo guteramo imiti biba birimo ingano runaka y'imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti. Intego yabyo ni ukunoza uburyo umuti ufatana n'amazi ku buso bwavuwe, kongera umuvuduko wo kurekura no gukwirakwira kw'ibintu bikora mu gihe cy'ubushuhe, no kunoza ingaruka zo gukumira no kurwanya indwara.

Mu nganda zikora ubwiza, nk'umusemburo w'amavuta, ni igice cy'ingenzi mu bikoresho byo kwita ku ruhu nka amavuta yo kwisiga, amavuta yo kwisiga, imiti isukura, n'imiti ikuraho kwisiga.

2. Ibikorwa byo gusohora ifuro no guhumanya

Imiti ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora imiti. Mu miti ikoreshwa mu buvuzi, imiti myinshi idashonga neza nk'amavuta ahinduka, selulose ishonga mu mavuta, n'imisemburo ikora steroidal ishobora gukora ibisubizo bisobanutse neza no kongera imbaraga binyuze mu gukora kwa surfactants.

Mu gihe cyo gutegura imiti, imiti ikoreshwa mu gukamura ibintu ni ngombwa cyane nk'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti itose, imiti ihagarika ibintu, imiti ifuro, n'imiti ikuraho ubushyuhe. Ifuro rigizwe na gaze ifunze n'agace gato k'amazi. Imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora gukora uduce dufite imbaraga runaka hamwe n'amazi, igafunga umwuka kugira ngo ikore ifuro, rikoreshwa mu gukurura amabuye y'agaciro, kuzimya umuriro w'ifuro, no gusukura. Iyo miti yitwa imiti ikoreshwa mu gukamura ibintu.

Hari igihe hakenerwa imiti igabanya ubushyuhe. Mu gutunganya isukari no mu gukora imiti gakondo y'Abashinwa, ifuro rirenze urugero rishobora guteza ikibazo. Kongeramo imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura ifuro ikwiye bigabanya imbaraga za firime, bigakuraho uduheri, kandi bikarinda impanuka.

3. Igikorwa cyo guhagarika (Gutuza guhagarika)

Mu nganda zikora imiti yica udukoko, ifu itose, ibintu bishobora gushonga, hamwe na emulsions zikomeye byose bisaba ingano runaka ya surfactants. Kubera ko ibintu byinshi bikora mu ifu itose ari ibintu bikomoka ku bimera bidafite aho bihuriye n’amazi, surfactants zirakenewe kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe bw’amazi, bigatuma uduce tw’imiti dutose kandi hakorwe imiyoboro y’amazi.

Imiti ikoreshwa mu gukurura amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo ikomeze guhagarara neza. Mu gukurura no gusohora umwuka uturutse hasi mu kigega, uduheri twitwaje ifu y'amabuye y'agaciro dukorana hejuru, aho dukusanywa tugakurwamo amavuta kugira ngo turusheho gukungahara, bityo turusheho gukungahara. Umucanga, ibyondo, n'amabuye adafite amabuye y'agaciro biguma hasi kandi bikurwaho buri gihe.

Iyo 5% by'ubuso bw'umucanga w'amabuye y'agaciro bitwikiriwe n'icyuma gikusanya, kiba kidakunda amazi kandi gifata ku dupira, kikazamuka kikagera ku buso kugira ngo gikusanyirizwe. Hatoranywa igikoresho gikusanya amazi kugira ngo amatsinda yacyo akunda amazi afatanye gusa n'ubuso bw'umucanga w'amabuye y'agaciro mu gihe amatsinda akunda amazi arebana n'amazi.

4. Gukuraho udukoko no gufunga burundu

Mu nganda zikora imiti, imiti igabanya ubukana ishobora gukoreshwa nk'imiti yica udukoko n'imiti yica udukoko. Ingaruka zayo zo kuyikuraho no kuyikuraho burundu zituruka ku gukorana gukomeye na poroteyine za bagiteri, bigatuma habaho kwangirika cyangwa kubura imikorere.

Iyi miti yica udukoko ifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga cyane mu mazi kandi ishobora gukoreshwa ku rugero rutandukanye kuri:

·Gusukura uruhu mbere yo kubagwa

·Gukuraho indwara zo mu gisebe cyangwa mu mucosa

·Gusukura ibikoresho by'umubiri

·Gukuraho indwara ziterwa n'ibidukikije

5. Igikorwa cyo gusukura no gukaraba

Gukuraho amabara y'amavuta ni igikorwa kigoye kijyanye no kuvoma, gusuka ifuro, n'ibindi bikorwa byavuzwe haruguru.

Ubusanzwe, ibikoresho byo gusukura bigizwe n'ibice byinshi by'inyongera kuri:

· Kongera uburyo bwo gutosesha ikintu kiri gusukurwa

·Gukora ifuro

·Gutanga umusaruro mwiza

·Kurinda kongera gukurura umwanda

·Inzira yo gusukura surfactants nk'igice cy'ingenzi ikora ku buryo bukurikira:

Amazi afite ubushyuhe bwinshi ku buso kandi nta bushobozi bwo kunywesha ibizinga by'amavuta, bigatuma bigorana kubikuraho. Nyuma yo kongeramo imiti ihumanya ikirere, amatsinda yayo arwanya amazi yerekeza ku buso bw'imyenda no ku butaka buyirimo, buhoro buhoro akavanamo imyanda. Imyanda ikomeza kuba mu mazi cyangwa ikareremba hejuru yayo ikoresheje ifuro mbere yo kuyikuraho, mu gihe ubuso busukuye butwikiriwe na molekile zirwanya ibidukikije.

Amaherezo, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibintu bikoresha surfactants bidakoresha uburyo bumwe ahubwo akenshi bikoresha ingaruka ziturutse ku bintu byinshi.

Urugero, mu nganda z'impapuro, zishobora gukora nka:

·Ibikoresho byo guteka

·Ibintu bikuraho imyanda ku mpapuro

·Ibikoresho bipima ingano

·Ibikoresho byo kugenzura inzitizi za resin

·Abahindura ibara ry'umukara

·Ibikoresho byoroshye

·Ibikoresho birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere

·Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibipimo

·Ibikoresho byo koroshya

·Ibikoresho bikuraho amavuta