1.Surfactants mo Suau'u mamafa Aveesea
Ona o le maualuga o le viscosity ma le le lelei o le suauʻu o le suauu mamafa, o lona aveeseina o loʻo iai ni luʻitau taua. Ina ia toe maua se suau'u mamafa, o nisi taimi e tui ai se vaifofo vai o surfactants i totonu o le vaieli e suia ai le palapala e sili ona viscous i se suau'u-i-vai emulsion maualalo, lea e mafai ona pamu i luga.
O mea fa'aoga o lo'o fa'aaogaina i lenei suau'u mamafa emulsification ma viscosity fa'aitiitia metotia e aofia ai le sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol eter, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol eter, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, ma le sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol eter sulfate.
O le suau'u-i-vai emulsion e mana'omia ai le tu'ueseeseina o le vai, lea e fa'afaigaluegaina ai fo'i mea fa'aolaola e fai ma fa'amama. O nei mea fa'amalo o vai-i-suau'u emulsifiers. O mea e masani ona fa'aaogaina e aofia ai cationic surfactants po'o naphthenic acids, asphaltic acids, ma latou polyvalent metal salts.
Aemaise lava le pa'u ma'ale'ale e le mafai ona fa'aaogaina e ala ile pamu masani, e mana'omia le tui ausa mo le toe fa'aleleia o le vevela. Ina ia faʻaleleia atili le faʻaleleia o le vevela, e manaʻomia ni sufactants. O se tasi o auala masani o le tui lea o le puaa i totonu o le vai e tui ai le ausa—aemaise lava, o mea fa'afefete-maualuga e tetee atu i le vevela faatasi ai ma kasa e le mafai ona fa'afefe.
E masani ona fa'aogaina mea fa'afefete e aofia ai le alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, ma sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Ona o le maualuga o latou gaioiga i luga ma le mautu e faasaga i acids, faavae, okesene, vevela, ma le suauu, fluorinated surfactants e sili ona maualuga-vevela mea faʻafefe.
Ina ia faafaigofie le alu atu o le suauu ua salalau e ala i le pore-throat structure o le faʻavae poʻo le faʻafaigofieina o le suauʻu i luga o le faʻapipiʻiina, e faʻaaogaina ai mea faʻafefete e taʻua o mea e faʻasalalau ai ata manifinifi. O se fa'ata'ita'iga masani ole oxyalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2. Surfactants mo Su'u Suau'u Suau'u Suau'u
O le su'eina o le suau'u fa'alilolilo e mana'omia le puipuia ma le aveeseina masani o le ga'o. Surfactants e fa'auiga uma e fa'atosina ga'o ma fa'apalapala paraffini.
Mo le fa'asaina o le ga'o, o lo'o i ai su'u-soluble surfactants (lea e suia ai uiga o luga ole vai tioata) ma vai-soluble surfactants (lea e suia ai meatotino o luga ole fa'aputuga ole ga'o e pei ole paipa, sucker rods, ma meafaigaluega). O suau'u-soluble surfactants masani e aofia ai suauu sulfonates ma amine-ituaiga surfactants. O filifiliga e mafai ona solu ile vai e aofia ai le sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic polyoxyethylene ethers, ma a latou mea e maua mai ai le sodium sulfonate.
Mo le aveeseina o paraffin, e fa'avasegaina fo'i mea fa'afefe i le suau'u-soluble (fa'aaogaina i le suau'u fa'avae paraffin removers) ma vai-soluble (e pei o le sulfonate-type, quaternary ammonium-type, polyether-type, Tween-type, OP-type surfactants, ma sulfate/sulfonated PEG-type poʻo OP-type surfactants).
I tausaga talu ai nei, o faiga fa'alotoifale ma fa'ava-o-malo ua tu'ufa'atasia ai le puipuia ma le aveeseina o le ga'o, fa'atasia le suau'u fa'avae ma vai fa'amama i totonu o fa'apalapala fa'apalapala fefiloi. O lo'o fa'aogaina e nei mea manogi hydrocarbons e fai ma vaega o le suau'u ma mea emulsifiers fa'atasi ai ma mea e fa'apalapalaina e pei o le vai. A i ai i le emulsifier se tulaga ao talafeagai (le vevela lea e faʻafefe ai), e faʻamalo i lalo ifo o le sone faʻapipiʻi solo, faʻamalolo uma vaega e galulue i le taimi e tasi.
3. Surfactants mo le Suauʻu Suauʻu Dehydration
I le toe fa'aleleia o le suau'u muamua ma le lona lua, e fa'aaogaina tele le suau'u-in-water demulsifiers. E tolu augatupulaga o oloa ua atiaʻe:
1. Tupulaga muamua: Carboxylates, sulfates, ma sulfonates.
2. Augatupulaga lona lua: La'ititi-molecular-mamafa nononionic surfactants (faataitaiga, OP, PEG, ma sulfonated castor suauu).
3.Third augatupulaga: High-molecular-mamafa nononionic surfactants.
I le fa'ai'uga tulaga lua toe fa'aleleia ma toe fa'aleleia tulaga maualuga, o le suau'u mama e masani ona i ai e pei o vai-i-suau'u emulsions. Demulsifiers e pa'ū i vaega e fa:
· Quaternary ammonium salts (eg, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), lea e tali atu i le anionic emulsifiers e sui ai lo latou HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) poʻo faʻapipiʻi i luga o vai-susu omea, suia susu.
· Anionic surfactants (e fai e pei o suauu-i-vai emulsifiers) ma suauu-soluble nononionic surfactants, aoga foi mo le talepe vai-i-suauu emulsions.
Taimi meli: Sep-17-2025