Litaba

1.Ketso ea ho kolobisa (Ho Hlokahala HLB: 7-9)

Ho kolobisa ho bolela ketsahalo eo ho eona khase e bapalitsoeng sebakeng se tiileng e nkeloang sebaka ke mokelikeli. Lintho tse ntlafatsang mokhoa ona oa ho nkela sebaka li bitsoa li-agent tsa ho kolobisa.Ho kolobisa ka kakaretso ho arotsoe ka mefuta e meraro: ho kolobisa ho kopana (adhesion wetting), ho qoelisoa ka metsing (ho kenella ka hare), le ho hasana ho kolobisa (ho hasana).

Har'a tsena, ho hasana ke mokhoa o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa ho kolobisa, 'me coefficient e jalang e atisa ho sebelisoa e le pontšo ea ts'ebetso ea ho kolobisa pakeng tsa litsamaiso.

Ho feta moo, angle ea ho ikopanya le eona ke tekanyetso ea ho lekola katleho ea ho koloba.

Tšebeliso ea li-surfactants e ka laola tekanyo ea ho koloba pakeng tsa metsi le lintho tse tiileng.

Indastering ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, li-granules tse ling le phofo bakeng sa ho fafatsa li na le li-surfactants tse itseng. Sepheo sa bona ke ho ntlafatsa ho khomarela le ho behoa ha moemeli holim'a metsi a phekoloang, ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa ho lokolloa le ho hasana ha metsoako e sebetsang tlas'a maemo a mongobo, le ho ntlafatsa liphello tsa thibelo le taolo ea mafu.

Indastering ea litlolo, joalo ka emulsifier, ke karolo ea bohlokoa haholo lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea letlalo joalo ka litlolo, litlolo, lihloekisi le litlolo tse tlosang litlolo.

2.Diketso tsa ho ntsha lekweba le ho ntsha lehwebo

Li-surfactants li boetse li sebelisoa haholo indastering ea meriana. Meetsong ea meriana, lithethefatsi tse ngata tse sa qhibiliheng hantle joalo ka oli e sa tsitsang, selulose e qhibilihang ka mafura, le lihomone tsa steroidal li ka theha tharollo e hlakileng le ho eketsa khatello ea maikutlo ka ts'ebetso ea solubilizing ea li-surfactants.

Nakong ea ho lokisoa ha meriana, li-surfactants li bohlokoa haholo e le li-emulsifiers, li-wetting agents, li-suspending agents, li-foaming agents le li-defoaming agents. Foam e na le khase e koetsoeng ke filimi e tšesaane ea metsi. Li-surfactants tse ling li ka etsa lifilimi tsa matla a itseng ka metsi, li koala moea ho etsa foam, e sebelisoang ho phaphamala ha liminerale, ho tima mollo oa bubble le ho hloekisa. Mahlahana a joalo a bitsoa li-foaming agents.

Ka linako tse ling li-defoamers lia hlokahala. Ho hloekisa tsoekere le tlhahiso ea meriana ea setso ea Sechaena, foam e feteletseng e ka ba bothata. Ho kenya li-surfactants tse loketseng ho fokotsa matla a filimi, ho felisa li-bubble le ho thibela likotsi.

3. Ketso ea ho emisa (Ho tsitsisa ho emisa)

Indasteri ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, li-powders tse metsi, li-concentrates tse emulsifiable, le li-emulsions tse tsepamisitsoeng kaofela li hloka palo e itseng ea li-surfactants.Kaha metsoako e mengata e sebetsang ea phofo e mongobo ke metsoako ea hydrophobic organic, li-surfactants li hlokahala ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea metsi holim'a metsi, ho nolofalletsa ho koloba ha likaroloana tsa lithethefatsi le ho thehoa ha metsi.

Li-surfactants li sebelisoa ho flotation ea liminerale ho finyella botsitso ba ho emisa. Ka ho sisinyeha le moea o phoroselang ho tloha botlaaseng ba tanka, li-bubble tse jereng phofshoana ea liminerale tse sebetsang hantle li bokana holimo, moo li bokelloang le ho silafatsoa bakeng sa mahloriso, ho finyella ho ruisa.Lehlabathe, seretse, le majoe a se nang liminerale li sala ka tlaase 'me nako le nako li tlosoa.

Ha karolo ea 5% ea lehlabathe la lehlabathe la diminerale le koahetsoe ke moqokeleli, le fetoha hydrophobic 'me le khomarela li-bubble, le nyolohela holimo bakeng sa ho bokella.Mokelli ea loketseng o khethoa kahoo lihlopha tsa eona tsa hydrophilic li khomarela feela holim'a lehlabathe la liminerale ha lihlopha tsa hydrophobic li shebane le metsi.

4.Ho bolaea likokoana-hloko le ho thibela likokoana-hloko

Ka indasteri ea meriana, li-surfactants li ka sebelisoa e le li-bactericides le disinfectants. Litlamorao tsa bona tsa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko le ho thibela likokoana-hloko li bakoa ke tšebelisano e matla le liprotheine tsa baktheria tsa biofilm, tse bakang denaturation kapa tahlehelo ea mosebetsi.

Likokoana-hloko tsena li na le metsi a mangata 'me li ka sebelisoa maemong a sa tšoaneng bakeng sa:

·Ho bolaea letlalo pele ho opereishene

• Ho bolaea maqeba kapa mamina

·Ho koala seletsa

•Ho bolaea likokoana-hloko tikolohong

5.Detergency le ho hloekisa ketso

Ho tlosa matheba a mafura ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng e amanang le ho kolobisa, ho phophoma le tse ling tse boletsoeng ka holimo.

Li-detergents hangata li na le likarolo tse ngata tse thusang ho:

· Ntlafatsa ho koloba ha ntho e hloekisoang

· Hlahisa foam

·Fana ka litlamorao tse khanyang

·Thibela ho bokelloa ha litšila

·Ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa li-surfactants e le karolo ea mantlha e sebetsa ka tsela e latelang:

Metsi a na le tsitsipano e phahameng ea holim'a metsi le bokhoni bo bobe ba ho koloba bakeng sa matheba a mafura, ho etsa hore ho be thata ho tlosa. Kamora ho eketsa li-surfactants, lihlopha tsa bona tsa hydrophobic li shebile holim'a masela le litšila tse adsorbed, butle-butle li tlosa litšila. Litšila li lula li fanyehiloe ka metsing kapa li phaphamala ka holim'a foam pele li tlosoa, ha sebaka se hloekileng se koahetsoe ke limolek'hule tsa surfactant.

Qetellong, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore li-surfactants ha li sebetse ka mochine o le mong empa hangata ka phello e kopantsoeng ea lintlha tse ngata.

Ka mohlala, indastering ea pampiri, li ka sebetsa e le:

·Mahlahana a ho pheha

·Lisebelisuoa tsa ho tlosa li-inking tsa pampiri ea litšila

· Liemeli tsa boholo

· Resin li-resin control agents

· Li-defoamers

· Li-softeners

· Antistatic agents

·Scale inhibitors

·Lisebelisuoa tse nolofatsang

·Lisebelisuoa tsa ho tlosa mafura