Ii-surfactants zinezicelo ezininzi kulwakhiwo lwendlela ye-asphalt, ikakhulu kubandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:
1. Njengezongezo zoMxube ofudumeleyo
(1) Indlela Yokusebenza
Izithako zomxube ofudumeleyo luhlobo lwe-surfactant (umz., izithako zomxube ofudumeleyo wohlobo lwe-APTL) ezenziwe ngamaqela e-lipophilic kunye ne-hydrophilic kwisakhiwo sawo se-molecular. Ngexesha lokuxubana kwemixube ye-asphalt, izithako zomxube ofudumeleyo zitshizwa kwimbiza yokuxuba ngokulandelelana ne-asphalt. Phantsi kokushukunyiswa koomatshini, amaqela e-lipophilic adibana ne-asphalt, ngelixa iimolekyuli zamanzi eziseleyo zidibana namaqela e-hydrophilic ukwenza ifilimu yamanzi yesakhiwo phakathi kwee-aggregates ezigqunywe yi-asphalt. Le filimu yamanzi isebenza njenge-lubricant, iphucula ukusebenza komxube ngexesha lokuxuba. Ngexesha lokuxuba kunye nokudibanisa, ifilimu yamanzi yesakhiwo iyaqhubeka nokubonelela nge-lubricant, inyusa isantya sokuxuba kunye nokwenza lula ukuxubana komxube. Emva kokuba ukuxubana kugqityiwe, iimolekyuli zamanzi ziyaphela kancinci kancinci, kwaye i-surfactant ifudukela kwi-interface phakathi kwe-asphalt kunye nee-aggregates, iqinisa ukusebenza kokudibanisa phakathi kwee-aggregates kunye ne-asphalt binder.
(2) Iingenelo
Izithako zomxube ofudumeleyo zinokunciphisa ubushushu bokuxuba, ukugawula, kunye nokuxinana ngama-30–60°C, zandise ixesha lokwakha kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kwe-0°C. Zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ malunga nama-50% kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi enobuthi (umz., umsi we-asphalt) ngaphezulu kwama-80%. Ukongeza, zithintela ukuguga kwe-asphalt, ziqinisekisa umgangatho wokuxinana kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo, kwaye zandisa ubomi benkonzo yeepavements ze-asphalt. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwezithako zomxube ofudumeleyo kunokunyusa imveliso yezityalo zokuxuba ngama-20–25% kwaye kunyuse isantya sokugawula/sokuxinana ngama-10–20%, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kolwakhiwo kwaye kuncitshiswe ixesha lokwakha.
2. Njenge-Asphalt Emulsifiers
(1) Uhlu kunye neempawu
Ii-emulsifier ze-asphalt zii-surfactants ezahlulwe ngokweempawu ze-ionic kwiintlobo ze-cationic, anionic, non-ionic, kunye ne-amphoteric. Ii-emulsifier ze-cationic asphalt zifunxa kwi-aggregates ezitshajwe kakubi ngee-positive charges, zibonelela ngokunamathela okuqinileyo—okwenza zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifumileyo nezinemvula. Ii-emulsifier ze-anionic, nangona zingabizi kakhulu, azinawo amandla okuxhathisa amanzi kwaye ziyatshintshwa kancinci kancinci. Ii-emulsifiers ezingezizo ze-ionic kunye ne-amphoteric ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko ezikhethekileyo zokusingqongileyo. Zihlelwe ngesantya sokususa i-mulsification, ziquka ukuseta kancinci (okusetyenziselwa ukuvala i-slurry kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ngokubandayo), ukuseta okuphakathi (ukulinganisela ixesha lokuvula kunye nesantya sokususa i-cigarette), kunye nokuseta ngokukhawuleza (okusetyenziselwa unyango lomphezulu ukuvumela iintlobo zokucoca ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuvula i-traffic).
(2) Imizekelo yesicelo
Izithambisi ze-asphalt zivumela iinkqubo zokuxubana okubandayo kunye nokupaka okubandayo okususa isidingo sokufudumeza i-asphalt, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngaphezulu kwe-30% - inzuzo ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezikude zeentaba okanye ukulungiswa kweendlela ezikhawulezayo zasezidolophini. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukugcinwa kokuthintela (umz., isitywino se-slurry) ukulungisa iindlela ezindala kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo ngeminyaka emi-5-8. Ukongeza, zixhasa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezibandayo kwindawo yazo, zifezekisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezindala ze-asphalt kwaye zinciphisa iindleko nge-20%.
3. Ukuphucula Ukusebenza kwe-Asphalt eNciphisiweyo kunye nemixube yayo
(1) Isiphumo
Ii-surfactants ezenziwe ngokudibanisa i-heavy oil viscosity reducers (AMS) nge-Span80, xa zongezwa kwi-cutback asphalt, zinciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lomphezulu kwindawo edibanisa i-asphalt-aggregate kwaye zinciphise i-cutback asphalt. Oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuxuba umxube ngelixa kunciphisa idosi yedizili. Ukufakwa kwee-surfactants ezidityanisiweyo kuphucula ukusasazeka kwe-asphalt kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo, kunciphisa ukumelana ngexesha lokuhamba, kwaye kwandisa inqanaba lokugqibela lokuxinana kwe-asphalt mixes ezidityanisiweyo—kuphucula ukufana kokuxuba kunye nokusebenza kokuganga/ukuganga.
(2) Indlela yokusebenza
Ii-surfactants ezidityanisiweyo zitshintsha uxinzelelo oluphakathi kolwelo noluqinileyo phakathi kwe-asphalt kunye nee-aggregates, nto leyo evumela ukuba imixube ye-asphalt igcine ukusebenza kakuhle kolwakhiwo nokuba i-diluent dosage encitshisiweyo iphantsi. Kwi-surfactant dosage ye-1.0–1.5%, ukuphuculwa kweempawu zokutyibilika kunye nokuxinana kwemixube ye-asphalt enqunyulweyo kufana nokongeza i-4–6% ye-diesel diluent, okuvumela ukuba umxube ufezekise ukufana okufanayo kokuxuba kunye nokusebenza kokuxinana.
4. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iiPavements zeAsphalt ngokubandayo
(1) Indlela Yokusebenzisa Kwakhona
Ii-emulsifier ze-asphalt eziphinda zisetyenziswe ngokubandayo zi-surfactants ezisasaza i-asphalt ibe zii-micro-particles ngesenzo seekhemikhali kwaye zizinzise emanzini, umsebenzi wazo oyintloko uvumela ukwakhiwa kwe-asphalt ngobushushu obuphakathi. Iimolekyuli ze-emulsifier zenza umaleko we-adsorption ojolise kwi-interface ye-asphalt-aggregate, zimelana nokukhukuliseka kwamanzi—ingakumbi ezisebenzayo kwi-aggregates ze-asidi. Okwangoku, izinto zeoyile ezikhanyayo kwi-asphalt ehlanganisiweyo zingena kwi-asphalt endala, zibuyisela ukuguquguquka kwayo kancinci kwaye zonyusa izinga lokurisayikilisha kwezinto ezibuyiselweyo.
(2) Iingenelo
Itekhnoloji yokuphinda usebenzise izinto ngokubandayo ivumela ukuxuba nokwakha ubushushu obuphakathi, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-50–70% xa kuthelekiswa nokuphinda usebenzise izinto ngokushushu kwaye inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu. Ihambelana neemfuno zokuphinda usebenzise izixhobo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-09-2025