1.Ii-surfactants zokukhupha ioyile enzima
Ngenxa yokuba ioyile enzima inamandla kakhulu kwaye ayinyibiliki kakuhle, ukukhupha kwayo kubangela imingeni emikhulu. Ukuze kubuyiselwe ioyile enzima kangaka, isisombululo samanzi see-surfactants ngamanye amaxesha sifakwa kwi-wellbore ukuze kuguqulwe i-crude exineneyo ibe yi-emulsion yeoyile emanzini exineneyo, enokuthunyelwa kumphezulu emva koko.
Ii-surfactants ezisetyenziswa kule ndlela yokunciphisa i-oyile enzima kunye ne-viscosity ziquka i-sodium alkyl sulfonate, i-polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, i-polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, i-polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyamine, kunye ne-sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate.
I-emulsion yeoyile ekhutshiweyo emanzini ifuna ukwahlulwa kwamanzi, apho ii-surfactants zoshishino nazo zisetyenziswa njenge-demulsifiers. Ezi demulsifiers zii-emulsifiers zamanzi e-oyileni. Ezi zisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka ii-surfactants ze-cationic okanye ii-naphthenic acids, ii-asphaltic acids, kunye neetyuwa zazo zesinyithi ezi-polyvalent.
Kwizinto ezikrwada eziqinileyo ezingenakutsalwa ngeendlela zokumpompa eziqhelekileyo, kufuneka inaliti yomphunga ukuze kubuyiselwe ubushushu. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela ubushushu, kufuneka izinto ezibangela ukuba kube nzima ukusebenza. Enye indlela eqhelekileyo kukufaka i-foam kwindawo yokufaka i-steam—ingakumbi, izinto ezibangela ukuba i-foam ingasebenzi kakuhle kubushushu obuphezulu kunye neegesi ezingavuthiyo.
Iiarhente zokufutha ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka i-alkyl benzene sulfonates, i-α-olefin sulfonates, i-petroleum sulfonates, i-sulfonates ye-polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, kunye ne-sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wazo ophezulu womphezulu kunye nozinzo ngokuchasene nee-asidi, iziseko, ioksijini, ubushushu, kunye neoyile, ii-surfactants ezifakwe i-fluorinated zezona arhente zifanelekileyo zokufutha ezishushu kakhulu.
Ukuze kube lula ukudlula kweoyile esasazekileyo kwisakhiwo se-pore-throat okanye ukwenza ioyile kumphezulu wokwakheka kube lula ukuyisusa, kusetyenziswa ii-surfactants ezaziwa ngokuba zii-thin-film spreading agents. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo zii-oxalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2.Ii-surfactants ze-Waxy Crude Oil Extract
Ukukhupha ioyile eluhlaza efana newax kufuna ukuthintela nokususa iwax rhoqo. Ii-surfactants zisebenza njengezinto ezithintela iwax kunye nezisasaza iparafini.
Kwi-wax inhibition, kukho ii-surfactants ezinyibilikayo kwi-oyile (ezitshintsha iipropati zomphezulu weekristale ze-wax) kunye nee-surfactants ezinyibilikayo emanzini (eziguqula iipropati zomphezulu we-wax-deposition ezifana neetyhubhu, ii-sucker rods, kunye nezixhobo). Ii-surfactants eziqhelekileyo ezinyibilikayo kwi-oyile ziquka ii-petroleum sulfonates kunye nee-surfactants zohlobo lwe-amine. Iinketho ezinyibilikayo emanzini ziquka i-sodium alkyl sulfonate, ii-quaternary ammonium salts, ii-alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, ii-aromatic polyoxyethylene ethers, kunye nee-sodium sulfonate derivatives zazo.
Xa kususwa iparafini, ii-surfactants zikwahlulwahlulwa zibe zii-oil-soluble (ezisetyenziswa kwii-oil-based paraffin removers) kunye nee-water-soluble (ezifana ne-sulfonate-type, i-quaternary ammonium-type, i-polyether-type, i-Tween-type, ii-surfactants ze-OP, kunye ne-sulfate/sulfonated PEG-type okanye ii-surfactants ze-OP).
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindlela zokusebenza zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ziye zadibanisa ukuthintela nokususa i-wax, zidibanisa izinto zokususa ezisekelwe kwi-oyile nezisekelwe emanzini zibe zizinto zokususa i-paraffin ezixutyiweyo. Ezi zisebenzisa ii-hydrocarbons ezinuka kamnandi njengesigaba seoyile kunye nezixubisisi ezineempawu zokunyibilikisa i-paraffin njengesigaba samanzi. Xa i-emulsifier inendawo efanelekileyo yelifu (ubushushu apho iba namafu khona), iyasusa i-mulsifier ngaphantsi kwendawo yokugcina i-wax, ikhuphe zombini izinto ukuba zisebenze ngaxeshanye.
3.Ii-Surfactants zokunciphisa ukoma kweoyile ekrwada
Kwinkqubo yokubuyisa ioyile yokuqala neyesibini, kusetyenziswa kakhulu ii-demulsifiers zeoyile emanzini. Kuye kwaveliswa izizukulwana ezintathu zeemveliso:
1. Isizukulwana sokuqala: IiCarboxylates, iisulfates, kunye neesulfonates.
2. Isizukulwana sesibini: Ii-surfactants ezingezizo ii-ionic ezinobunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli (umz., i-OP, i-PEG, kunye ne-sulfonated castor oil).
3. Isizukulwana sesithathu: Ii-surfactants ezingezizo ii-ionic ezinobunzima obuphezulu beemolekyuli.
Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye nokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo, ioyile ekrwada idla ngokubakho njengee-emulsion zamanzi kwioyile. Ii-demulsifiers zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezine:
·Iityuwa ze-ammonium ze-Quaternary (umz., i-tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, i-dicetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), ezisabela kunye nee-anionic emulsifiers ukutshintsha i-HLB yazo (ibhalansi ye-hydrophilic-lipophilic) okanye zinamathele kwiinxalenye zodongwe ezimanzi ngamanzi, nto leyo etshintsha ukumanzi.
·Ii-surfactants ze-anionic (ezisebenza njengee-emulsifiers ezikwi-oyile emanzini) kunye nee-surfactants ezingezizo ze-ionic ezinyibilikayo kwi-oyile, zikwasebenza ekuqhekezeni ii-emulsions ezikwi-oyile emanzini.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-17-2025