Ngokubanzi, iindlela zokuthintela umhlwa zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili:
1.Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa kunye namanye amanyathelo okuthintela
2. Ukukhetha iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza kunye nezakhiwo zezixhobo
Ukuthobela ngokungqongqo imimiselo yenkqubo kwimveliso yeekhemikhali kunokuphelisa i-corrosion phenomena engadingekile. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba kusetyenziswe izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezimelana nomhlwa, iinkqubo zokusebenza ezingafanelekanga zisenokubangela ukuhlwa okukhulu.
1. Ii-Inorganic Corrosion Inhibitors
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukongeza inani elincinci le-corrosion inhibitors kwindawo enobungozi kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukubola kwesinyithi. Ezi inhibitors zihlelwa ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ezintathu: i-inorganic, i-organic, kunye ne-vapor-phase inhibitors, nganye ineendlela ezahlukeneyo.
• I-Anodic Inhibitors (inciphisa inkqubo ye-anodic):
Ezi ziquka ii-oxidizers (i-chromates, i-nitrites, i-iron ion, njl.njl.) ezikhuthaza i-anodic passivation okanye i-anodic filming agents (i-alkalis, i-phosphates, i-silicates, i-benzoates, njl.njl.) eyenza iifilimu ezikhuselayo kumphezulu we-anode. Ngokuyintloko basabela kwingingqi ye-anodic, ukuphucula i-anodic polarization. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-anodic inhibitors yenza ifilimu ekhuselayo kwi-anode surface, esebenza kakhulu kodwa ithwala umngcipheko-idosi eyaneleyo ingabangela ukugubungela ifilimu engaphelelanga, ishiya iindawo ezincinci zentsimbi eziveziweyo ezinobuninzi obuphezulu be-anodic yangoku, okwenza i-corrosion ye-pitting ibe lula.
• I-Cathodic Inhibitors (yenza nge-cathodic reaction):
Imizekelo ibandakanya i-calcium, i-zinc, i-magnesium, i-copper, kunye ne-ioni ye-manganese, ehambelana ne-ion hydroxide eveliswa kwi-cathode ukuze yenze i-hydroxides e-insoluble. Ezi filimu zenza iifilimu ezingqingqwa kumphezulu we-cathode, zithintela ukusasazwa kweoksijini kunye nokwandisa i-polarization.
• Ii-Mixed Inhibitors (zicinezela zombini ukusabela kwe-anodic kunye ne-cathodic):
Ezi zifuna ukumiselwa kovavanyo lwedosi efanelekileyo.
2.Ii-Organic Corrosion Inhibitors
I-Organic inhibitors isebenza nge-adsorption, isenza ifilimu engabonakaliyo, engqindilili yemolekyuli kumphezulu wesinyithi ethi ngaxeshanye icinezele ukusabela kwe-anodic kunye ne-cathodic (nangona inokusebenza okwahlukileyo). Ii-organic inhibitors eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-nitrogen-, i-sulphur-, i-oxygen-, kunye ne-phosphorus-containing compounds. Iindlela zabo zokubhengeza zixhomekeke kubume bemolekyuli kwaye zinokuhlelwa ngolu hlobo:
·I-Electrostatic adsorption
· Ukufakwa kweekhemikhali
· π-bond (i-electron delocalized) iadsorption
I-Organic inhibitors zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye zivela ngokukhawuleza, kodwa nazo zineengxaki, ezifana:
· Ungcoliseko lwemveliso (ingakumbi kwizicelo ezinxulumene nokutya)—ngelixa kuluncedo kwipro enye
kwinqanaba lokwehliswa, zinokuba yingozi kwelinye.
·Uthintelo lwezinto ezifunwayo (umzekelo, ukucothisa ukususwa kwefilimu ngexesha lokukha iasidi).
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3. I-Vapor-Phase Corrosion Inhibitors
Ezi zizinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu eziqukethe amaqela asebenzayo okuthintela i-corrosion, ngokukodwa esetyenziselwa ukukhusela iindawo zetsimbi ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha (ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwifomu eqinile). Umphunga wabo ukhulula amaqela asebenzayo athintelayo kumswakama we-atmospheric, othi emva koko ubhengeze kumphezulu wesinyithi ukucotha ukubola.
Ukongezelela, zi-adsorptive inhibitors, oku kuthetha ukuba indawo yentsimbi ekhuselweyo ayifuni ukususwa komhlwa kwangaphambili.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-09-2025