Ngokubanzi, iindlela zokuthintela ukugqwala zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nezinye iindlela zokuthintela.
2. Ukukhetha imisebenzi yenkqubo efanelekileyo kunye nezakhiwo zezixhobo.
Ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kwimigaqo yenkqubo kwimveliso yeekhemikhali kunokuphelisa izinto ezingafunekiyo zokugqwala. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba kusetyenziswa izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezimelana nokugqwala, iinkqubo zokusebenza ezingafanelekanga zisenokubangela ukugqwala okukhulu.
1. Izithinteli zokubola ezingaphiliyo
Ngokwesiqhelo, ukongeza inani elincinci lezinto ezithintela ukugqwala kwindawo ebangela ukugqwala kunokucothisa kakhulu ukugqwala kwesinyithi. Ezi zinto ezithintela ukugqwala zihlala zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezintathu: izinto ezithintela ukugqwala, izinto eziphilayo, kunye nezinto ezithintela ukugqwala, nganye ineendlela ezahlukeneyo.
• Ii-Anodic Inhibitors (zicothisa inkqubo ye-anodic):
Ezi ziquka ii-oxidizers (ii-chromates, ii-nitrites, ii-ion zentsimbi, njl.njl.) ezikhuthaza i-anodic passivation okanye ii-anodic filming agents (ii-alkalis, ii-phosphates, ii-silicates, ii-benzoates, njl.njl.) ezenza iifilimu ezikhuselayo kumphezulu we-anode. Ngokuyintloko zisabela kummandla we-anodic, ziphucula i-anodic polarization. Ngokubanzi, ii-anodic inhibitors zenza ifilimu ekhuselayo kumphezulu we-anode, esebenza kakhulu kodwa inomngcipheko othile—umthamo onganeleyo unokubangela ukugqunywa kwefilimu engaphelelanga, okushiya iindawo ezincinci zesinyithi ezingenanto ezinobuninzi obuphezulu be-anodic current, okwenza ukuba ukugqwala kwemigodi kube nokwenzeka ngakumbi.
• IiCathodic Inhibitors (zisebenza kwi-cathodic reaction):
Imizekelo ibandakanya i-calcium, i-zinc, i-magnesium, i-copper, kunye ne-manganese ions, ezisabela kunye ne-hydroxide ions eziveliswa kwi-cathode ukuze zenze i-hydroxides enganyibilikiyo. Ezi zenza iifilimu ezixineneyo kumphezulu we-cathode, zithintela ukusasazeka kwe-oxygen kwaye zonyuse i-concentration polarization.
• IiMixed Inhibitors (zithintela zombini ii-anodic kunye nee-cathodic reactions):
Ezi zifuna ukuqinisekiswa kovavanyo lwedosi efanelekileyo.
2.Izithinteli zokubola kwezinto eziphilayo
Izithinteli zendalo zisebenza ngokufunxa, zenze ifilimu engabonakaliyo, enobukhulu bemolekyuli kumphezulu wesinyithi ethintela ngaxeshanye zombini iimpembelelo ze-anodic kunye ne-cathodic (nangona zisebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo). Izithinteli zendalo eziqhelekileyo ziquka iikhompawundi ezine-nitrogen, i-sulfur, i-oxygen, kunye ne-phosphorus. Iindlela zazo zokufunxa zixhomekeke kwisakhiwo semolekyuli kwaye zinokuhlulwa ngolu hlobo:
·Ukufunxwa kwe-electrostatic
· Ukufunxwa kweekhemikhali
· Ukutsalwa kwe-π-bond (i-delocalized electron)
Izithinteli ze-organic zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza, kodwa zikwanazo neengxaki, ezifana nezi:
· Ungcoliseko lwemveliso (ingakumbi kwizicelo ezinxulumene nokutya)—nangona iluncedo kwi-pro enye
kwinqanaba lokukhupha, zinokuba yingozi kwelinye.
·Ukuthintela iimpendulo ezifunekayo (umz., ukucothisa ukususwa kwefilimu ngexesha lokucola i-asidi).
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3. Izithinteli zokuNgcangcazela koMphunga
Ezi zizinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu eziqulathe amaqela asebenzayo okuthintela ukugqwala, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ukukhusela iindawo zesinyithi ngexesha lokugcina nokuthuthwa (ngokuqhelekileyo zikwimo eqinileyo). Umphunga wazo ukhupha amaqela asebenzayo okuthintela ukufuma emoyeni, aze emva koko angene kumphezulu wesinyithi ukuze anciphise ukugqwala.
Ukongeza, zizinto ezithintela ukufunxa, oko kuthetha ukuba umphezulu wesinyithi okhuselweyo awufuni ukususwa komhlwa kwangaphambili.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-09-2025