Xa umoya ungena kulwelo, kuba unganyibiliki emanzini, wahlulwa ube ngamaqamza amaninzi lulwelo phantsi kwamandla angaphandle, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo eyahlukileyo. Wakuba umoya ungene kulwelo uze wenze igwebu, indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwegesi nolwelo iyanda, kwaye amandla akhululekileyo enkqubo nawo ayanda ngokufanelekileyo.
Ingongoma esezantsi ihambelana nento esiyibiza ngokuba yi-critical micelle concentration (CMC). Ke ngoko, xa i-surfactant concentration ifikelela kwi-CMC, kukho inani elaneleyo lee-surfactant molecules kwinkqubo ukuze zilungelelane kakhulu kumphezulu wolwelo, zenze umaleko wefilimu ye-monomolecular engenamngxuma. Oku kunciphisa i-surface tension yenkqubo. Xa i-surface tension incipha, amandla asimahla afunekayo ekudalweni kwe-foam kwinkqubo nawo ayancipha, okwenza ukwakheka kwe-foam kube lula kakhulu.
Kwimveliso esebenzayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwee-emulsions ezilungisiweyo ngexesha lokugcina, uxinaniso lwe-surfactant ludla ngokulungiswa ngaphezu koxinaniso olubalulekileyo lwe-micelle. Nangona oku kwandisa uzinzo lwe-emulsion, kukwakho neengxaki ezithile. Ii-surfactants ezigqithisileyo azinciphisi nje kuphela uxinzelelo lomphezulu wenkqubo kodwa zikwagquma umoya ongena kwi-emulsion, zenze ifilimu yolwelo eqinileyo, kwaye kumphezulu wolwelo, ifilimu ye-molecular engenamacala amabini. Oku kuthintela kakhulu ukuqhekeka kwe-foam.
Igwebu kukuhlanganiswa kwamaqamza amaninzi, ngelixa iqamza lenziwa xa igesi isasazeka kulwelo—igesi njengesigaba esisasazekileyo kunye nolwelo njengesigaba esiqhubekayo. Igesi engaphakathi kwamaqamza inokufuduka ukusuka kwelinye iqamza ukuya kwelinye okanye iphume iye emoyeni ojikelezileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekudibaneni kwamaqamza nokunyamalala kwawo.
Kumanzi acocekileyo okanye ii-surfactants zodwa, ngenxa yokwakheka kwazo okufanayo, ifilimu ye-foam ephumayo ayinakuthamba, nto leyo eyenza i-foam ingaguquguquki kwaye ithambekele ekuzisuseni ngokwayo. Ithiyori ye-Thermodynamic ithi i-foam eveliswa kulwelo olucocekileyo yeyokwexeshana kwaye iyanyamalala ngenxa yokuphuma kwefilimu.
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kwiingubo ezisekelwe emanzini, ngaphandle kwe-dispersion medium (amanzi), kukwakho nee-emulsifiers ze-polymer emulsification, kunye nee-dispersants, ii-wetting agents, ii-thickeners, kunye nezinye izongezo zengubo ezisekelwe kwi-surfactant. Ekubeni ezi zinto zihlala kunye kwinkqubo enye, ukwakheka kwe-foam kunokwenzeka kakhulu, kwaye ezi zinto zifana ne-surfactant zizinzisa ngakumbi i-foam evelisiweyo.
Xa kusetyenziswa ii-ionic surfactants njengeemulsifiers, ifilimu yebubble ifumana itshaja yombane. Ngenxa yokugxojwa ngamandla phakathi kwecharges, amaqamza ayamelana nokuhlangana, nto leyo ethintela inkqubo yokudibana kwamaqamza amancinci abe makhulu aze awe. Ngenxa yoko, oku kuthintela ukususwa kwefoam kwaye kuzinzise ifoam.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-06-2025