1.Umphumela Wokuxubha
Ukusondelana okuphelele kwamaqembu athanda amanzi kanye nama-lipophilic kuma-molecule e-surfactant kawoyela noma amanzi. Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho, ububanzi benani le-Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) lama-surfactants bunqunyelwe ku-0–40, kuyilapho okwama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic buwela ngaphakathi kuka-0–20.
Ifomula yokuhlanganisa:HLB=（HLBa Wa+HLBb /Wb） / （Wa+Wb）Ukubalwa Kwethiyori：HLB=∑（Inani le-HLB lamaqembu aphilizayo）+∑（Inani le-HLB lamaqembu aphilizayo）-7 HLB：3-8 W/O-type Emulsifier：Between；Inani le-HLB lamasopha e-Monovalent：8-16 O/W-type Emulsifier：Span；Divalent Soap.
Uhlelo lokusabalala oluqinile olwakhiwe ngokuhlakaza uketshezi olulodwa noma ngaphezulu njengamaconsi oketshezi anobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-10−7m kolunye uketshezi olungaxubeki lubizwa ngokuthi i-emulsion. I-emulsifier kumele ifakwe ukuze ihlale ikhona. Kuye ngesakhiwo se-emulsifier, ingakha i-emulsion yamafutha-angaphakathi-kwamanzi (O/W) enamanzi njengesigaba esiqhubekayo noma i-emulsion yamanzi-angaphakathi-kwamafutha (W/O) enamafutha njengesigaba esiqhubekayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, olunye uhlobo lwe-surfactant ludinga ukufakwa ukuze kuphulwe i-emulsion, ebizwa ngokuthi i-demulsifier. Ihlukanisa isigaba esihlakazekile endaweni yokusabalala ku-emulsion. Isibonelo, ama-demulsifier afakwa ku-oyili oluhlaza ukuze ahlukanise uwoyela namanzi.
2. Imiphumela yokugqwala nokuhlanza
Ama-surfactant nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezemithi. Ekulungiseleleni imithi, imithi eminingi engancibiliki emanzini efana namafutha athile aguquguqukayo, ama-cellulose ancibilika emafutheni kanye nama-hormone e-steroid angakha izixazululo ezisobala futhi andise amazinga awo ngenxa yomphumela wokuncibilika kwama-surfactant. Enkambisweni yokulungiselela imithi, ama-surfactant asebenza njenge-emulsifiers ebalulekile, ama-wetting agents, ama-spending agents, ama-foam agents kanye nama-defoamers. "I-foam" ichazwa njengegesi evalwe yifilimu yoketshezi. Ama-surfactant athile angakha amafilimu anamandla athile uma exutshwe namanzi, abambe umoya ukuze akhiqize ama-foam; ama-surfactant anjalo abizwa ngokuthi ama-foaming agents futhi asetshenziswa ekujuleni kwe-froth, ekucimeni umlilo we-foam kanye nasekuhlanzeni nasekususeni amabala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-defoamers nawo ayadingeka kwezinye izimo: isibonelo, ama-foam amaningi akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa koshukela kanye nokucutshungulwa kwemithi yendabuko yaseShayina, ngakho-ke ama-surfactant afanele kufanele engezwe ukuze kuncishiswe amandla efilimu yoketshezi, kususwe amabhamuza futhi kuvinjelwe izingozi.
3. Umphumela wokumiswa
Embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane,Kudingeka inani elithile lama-surfactants kuma-powder aqinile, ama-concentrates angaxutshwa, kanye nama-emulsion aqinile. Isibonelo, izithako ezisebenzayo kuma-powder aqinile ikakhulukazi ziyizinto eziphilayo ezingakwazi ukuzivikela emanzini. Kuphela lapho kukhona ama-surfactants, anciphisa ukucindezeleka kwamanzi, lapho izinhlayiya zezinambuzane zingamanziswa ngamanzi bese zenza ama-aqueous suspensions.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants ekujuleni kwe-ore kuncike emphumeleni wokusiza ekujuleni. I-pulp ye-ore iyanyakaziswa ngenkathi umoya uvunguzwa usuka phansi kwethangi; amabhamuza athwala izinhlayiya ze-ore ezisebenzayo abe eseqoqana phezu komhlaba. Lawa mabhamuza ayaqoqwa, bese igwebu liyaphuka futhi ligxishwe ukuze kufezwe injongo yokucebisa i-ore. Udaka olungena-ore kanye nedwala kuhlala phansi kwethangi futhi kususwa njalo. Lapho u-5% wobuso bezinhlayiya ze-ore umbozwe ngabaqoqi, ubuso buba yi-hydrophobic, okubangela ukuthi izinhlayiya ze-ore zinamathele kumabhamuza bese zintanta ziye phezulu endaweni ewuketshezi ukuze kube lula ukuqoqwa. Abaqoqi abafanelekile kufanele bakhethwe ngendlela yokuthi amaqembu abo athanda amanzi anamathele kuphela ebusweni bezinhlayiya ze-ore, amaqembu athanda amanzi agxile emanzini.
4. Ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokubulala inzalo
Embonini yezemithi, zingasetshenziswa njengemithi yokubulala amagciwane kanye nemithi yokubulala amagciwane. Imiphumela yazo yokubulala amagciwane kanye nemithi yokubulala amagciwane ibangelwa ukusebenzisana kwazo okunamandla namaprotheni kuma-biofilms amabhaktheriya, okuphazamisa noma kukhubaze lawa maprotheni. Lawa mithi yokubulala amagciwane anokuncibilika okuphezulu emanzini. Kuye ngokuthi kungakanani okusetshenzisiwe, angasetshenziswa ekubulaleni isikhumba ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ekubulaleni amanxeba noma ama-mucosal, ekubulaleni amathuluzi, kanye nasekubulaleni amagciwane endaweni ezungezile.
5. Isitsha sokuhlanza kanye nomphumela wokuhlanza
Ukususa ukungcola okunamafutha kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ehlobene nemisebenzi eshiwo ngenhla njengokumanzisa nokukhuhla. Ama-detergent ngokuvamile adinga ukwengeza izithako ezahlukahlukene ezisizayo ukuze athuthukise umphumela wokumanzisa ezintweni okufanele zihlanzwe, futhi abe nemisebenzi efana nokukhipha igwebu, ukwenza mhlophe, nokuhlala endaweni ehlanziwe ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kabusha. Phakathi kwazo, inqubo yokususa ukungcola kwama-surfactants, okuyizinto eziyinhloko, yile: amanzi anomfutho ophezulu wobuso kanye nokusebenza kabi kokumanzisa kumabala kawoyela, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlanza amabala kawoyela. Ngemva kokufaka ama-surfactants, amaqembu angenawo umoya abhekene nobuso bendwangu futhi anamathele othulini, okwenza ukungcola kusuke kancane kancane ebusweni. Ukungcola kulenga emanzini noma kuntante ebusweni ngegwebu bese kususwa, bese ubuso obuhlanzekile buhlalwa ama-molecule e-surfactant. Okokugcina, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi wama-surfactants awubangelwa nje yisici esisodwa sendima yawo; ezimweni eziningi, kuwumphumela wesenzo esihlangene sezici eziningi. Isibonelo, embonini yokwenza amaphepha, zingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokupheka, izinto zokususa i-waste paper, izinto zokulinganisa, izinto zokulawula izithiyo ze-resin, izinto zokususa ama-foam, izinto zokunciphisa ama-foam, izinto zokunciphisa ama-static, izinto zokuvimbela isikali, izinto zokunciphisa ama-greasers, izinto zokubulala amagciwane kanye ne-algaecides, izinto zokuvimbela ukugqwala, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-29-2025