Tsib Lub Luag Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb ntawm Surfactants

1.Cov nyhuv emulsifying

Qhov sib txuas ntawm cov pab pawg hydrophilic thiab lipophilic hauv cov surfactant molecules rau roj lossis dej. Raws li kev paub dhau los, qhov ntau ntawm Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) tus nqi ntawm surfactants tsuas yog txwv rau 0–40, thaum cov surfactants non-ionic poob rau hauv 0–20.

Cov mis sib xyaw ua ke: HLB=（HLBa Wa+HLBb /Wb） / （Wa+Wb） Kev suav lej theoretical：HLB=∑（HLB Tus nqi ntawm Hydrophilic pawg）+∑（HLB Tus nqi ntawm Lipophilic pawg）-7 HLB：3-8 W/O-hom Emulsifier：Tween；HLB Tus nqi ntawm Monovalent Xab npum：8-16 O/W-hom Emulsifier：Span；Divalent Xab npum.

Ib qho system dispersion uas tsim los ntawm kev faib ib lossis ntau cov kua dej ua cov kua dej uas muaj lub cheeb loj dua 10−7m rau hauv lwm cov kua dej uas tsis sib xyaw hu ua emulsion. Yuav tsum ntxiv ib qho emulsifier kom nws nyob ruaj khov. Nyob ntawm seb lub emulsifier muaj cov qauv li cas, nws tuaj yeem tsim ib qho roj-hauv-dej (O/W) emulsion nrog dej ua theem txuas ntxiv lossis ib qho dej-hauv-roj (W/O) emulsion nrog roj ua theem txuas ntxiv. Qee zaum, yuav tsum ntxiv lwm hom surfactant kom tawg cov emulsion, uas hu ua demulsifier. Nws cais cov theem dispersed ntawm cov dispersion medium hauv emulsion. Piv txwv li, demulsifiers raug ntxiv rau roj nyoos kom cais roj ntawm dej.

2. Cov teebmeem ua npuas ncauj thiab ua npuas ncauj

Cov tshuaj surfactants kuj siv dav hauv kev lag luam tshuaj. Hauv kev npaj tshuaj, ntau cov tshuaj uas tsis yaj hauv dej xws li qee cov roj volatile, cov celluloses uas yaj hauv roj thiab cov tshuaj hormones steroid tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj pob tshab thiab ua rau lawv cov concentration ntau ntxiv los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov surfactants solubilization. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj tshuaj, surfactants ua haujlwm ua cov emulsifiers tseem ceeb, cov neeg sawv cev ntub dej, cov neeg sawv cev ncua, cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj thiab cov neeg ua npuas ncauj defoamers. Ib qho "ua npuas ncauj" yog txhais tias yog cov roj uas kaw los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab kua. Qee cov surfactants tuaj yeem tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm qee lub zog thaum sib xyaw nrog dej, uas ntes cua los tsim cov npuas ncauj; cov surfactants no hu ua cov neeg sawv cev ua npuas ncauj thiab siv rau hauv kev ua npuas ncauj, kev tua hluav taws ua npuas ncauj thiab kev ntxuav & tshem tawm cov xim. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov neeg ua npuas ncauj kuj tseem xav tau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej: piv txwv li, cov npuas ncauj ntau dhau tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm tsim qab zib thiab kev ua tshuaj suav tshuaj suav, yog li cov surfactants tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv los txo qhov muaj zog ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab kua, tshem tawm cov npuas thiab tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo.

3. Tshem tawm cov nyhuv

Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab,Yuav tsum muaj ib qho tshuaj surfactants rau cov hmoov uas ntub tau, cov tshuaj emulsifiable concentrates, thiab cov tshuaj emulsions uas muaj concentrated. Piv txwv li, cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv cov hmoov uas ntub tau feem ntau yog cov organic compounds uas muaj hydrophobicity. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov muaj surfactants, uas txo qhov nro ntawm qhov dej, cov tshuaj tua kab tuaj yeem ntub los ntawm dej thiab tsim cov dej suspensions.

Kev siv cov surfactants hauv cov ore flotation yog nyob ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev flotation. Cov ore pulp raug do thaum cua raug tshuab los ntawm hauv qab ntawm lub tank; cov npuas uas nqa cov ore me me ces sib sau ua ke rau ntawm qhov chaw. Cov npuas no raug sau, thiab cov ua npuas dej raug rhuav tshem thiab sib sau ua ke kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nplua nuj ore. Cov av xuab zeb thiab pob zeb uas tsis muaj ore tseem nyob hauv qab ntawm lub tank thiab raug tshem tawm tas li. Thaum 5% ntawm cov ore me me saum npoo yog npog los ntawm cov neeg sau, qhov chaw ua hydrophobic, ua rau cov ore me me txuas rau cov npuas thiab ntab mus rau saum npoo kua kom yooj yim sau. Cov neeg sau tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xaiv kom lawv cov hydrophilic pawg raug adsorbed tsuas yog rau ntawm cov ore me me saum npoo, nrog rau cov hydrophobic pawg taw qhia rau dej.

4. Kev tua kab mob thiab kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam

Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, lawv siv tau ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv cov teebmeem tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog vim lawv muaj kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov protein hauv cov kab mob biofilms, uas ua rau cov protein no puas tsuaj lossis ua rau tsis ua haujlwm. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no yaj tau zoo hauv dej. Nyob ntawm seb siv ntau npaum li cas, lawv tuaj yeem siv rau kev tua kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua ntej phais, kev tua kab mob qhov txhab lossis mucosal, kev tua kab mob ntawm cov cuab yeej, thiab kev tua kab mob ib puag ncig.

5. Tshuaj ntxuav thiab ntxuav cov nyhuv

Kev tshem tawm cov av greasy yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj heev, uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov haujlwm saum toj no xws li ntub thiab ua npuas dej. Cov tshuaj ntxuav feem ntau yuav tsum ntxiv ntau yam khoom xyaw pab txhawb kom ua rau cov khoom ntub dej zoo dua, thiab kuj muaj cov haujlwm xws li ua npuas dej, ua kom dawb, thiab nyob hauv qhov chaw ntxuav kom tiv thaiv kev rov ua qias tuaj. Ntawm lawv, cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov surfactants, uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb, yog raws li nram no: dej muaj qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw thiab ua kom cov roj tsis zoo, ua rau nws nyuaj rau ntxuav cov roj. Tom qab ntxiv surfactants, cov pab pawg hydrophobic ntsib cov ntaub nto thiab nqus rau ntawm cov av, ua rau cov av maj mam tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Cov av raug dai rau hauv dej lossis ntab rau ntawm qhov chaw nrog cov ua npuas dej thiab tom qab ntawd tshem tawm, thiab qhov chaw huv si yog nyob los ntawm surfactant molecules. Thaum kawg, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm surfactants tsis yog vim ib qho ntawm lawv lub luag haujlwm xwb; hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua ke ntawm ntau yam. Piv txwv li, hauv kev lag luam ua ntawv, lawv tuaj yeem siv ua cov neeg ua noj ua haus, cov neeg ua haujlwm tshem cov ntawv pov tseg, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntsuas qhov loj, cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj cov khoom siv resin, cov neeg ua npuas dej, cov neeg ua kom mos, cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nplai, cov neeg ua kom mos, cov neeg ua kom tsis muaj roj, cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov algaecides, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb, thiab lwm yam.