Ho hlwekisa indasteriKa kutloisiso ea 'nete e na le nalane ea lilemo tse mashome a 'maloa feela, empa ho hlaha ha eona ho tlisitse melemo e meholo ea moruo le ea sechaba tlhahisong ea indasteri. Ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea mahlale a ho hloekisa, ho hloekisa indasteri ho sebelisitsoe hoo e ka bang mafapheng 'ohle a indasteri, ho kenyeletsoa khatiso ea masela le ho daea, lik'hemik'hale tsa peterole, mechini, merafo le ho qhibilihisa, kalafo ea bokaholimo, boenjiniere ba lik'hemik'hale, lisebelisoa le limithara, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, li-semiconductor, lioache le mabenyane, baeloji le optics. Sena se bontša ka botlalo bokhoni bo boholo ba 'maraka le lebelo le matla la nts'etsopele ea ho hloekisa indasteri.
Ka kakaretso, disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa tsa indasteri di arotswe ka ho hlwekisa ka dikhemikhale, ho hlwekisa mmeleng le ho hlwekisa dikokwana-hloko ho latela melaomotheo ya tsona ya tshebetso. Ho hlwekisa ka dikhemikhale ho ithorisa ka nalane e telele ya ntshetsopele, mefuta e mengata ya tshebediso le mefuta e fapaneng ka ho fetisisa ya dihlahiswa. Ho sa le jwalo, disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa ka dikhemikhale di arotswe ka mekhahlelo e meraro ho ya ka bongata ba tsona ba metsi: disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa tse qhibidihisang tsa manyolo, disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa tse thehilweng metsing le disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa tse thehilweng metsing a sa tebang.
Sengoloa sena se hlalosa ka botlalo sebopeho sa foromo, ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa le mekhoa ea nts'etsopele ea nakong e tlang ea mefuta ena e meraro ea lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa lik'hemik'hale ka ho latellana.
1. Li-Cleaner tsa Organic Solvent
Li-solvent tsa tlhaho li bua haholo ka li-solvent tsa tlhaho tse se nang metsi mefuteng ea tsona. Bongata ba tsona li nka li-hydrocarbon (li-alkanes, li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate), li-hydrocarbon tse nang le chlorine, li-hydrocarbon tse nang le fluorine, li-alcohol, li-ether tsa joala le lintho tse ling e le thepa e tala ea mantlha. Mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho hloekisa li-solvent tsa tlhaho ke ho qhala ka ho toba lintho tse sa qhibiliheng metsing empa li qhibiliha ka har'a li-solvent tsa tlhaho, tse kang mafura, boka, resin, rabara, lidae, likhomaretsi tse ling le litšila tse ling tsa tlhaho.
Li-solvent tsa tlhaho li na le boemo ba mokelikeli mochesong o tloaelehileng le khatellong ea sepakapaka, mokelikeli o motle le ho teteana ho tlase. Li fetoha habonolo haholo, li siea masala a fokolang kapa a se nang letho holim'a lintho ka mor'a ho li hloekisa, 'me li ke ke tsa senya kapa tsa senya thepa ea motheo nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa.
Leha ho le jwalo, ho feto-fetoha ho hoholo ha dihlahiswa tsa tlhaho, tse tsamayang le dintlha tse tlase tsa ho belisa, ho etsa hore di be kotsing ya ho tsholohela tikolohong. Har'a dintho tsena, di-hydrocarbon tse nang le chlorine, di-hydrocarbon tse nang le fluorine le di-hydrocarbon tse ding tse nang le halogenated di kotsi mmeleng wa motho. Di-alcohol le di-ether tsa jwala di na le lipophilic, e leng se ka bakang kotsi e kgolo ho batho, diphoofolo le tikoloho ya tikoloho.
Mohlala, litlhoekisi tse itseng tsa manyolo tse thibetsoeng, tse kang trichlorotrifluoroethane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethane le perbromoalkanes, li fana ka ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho hloekisa 'me li tlisa melemo ea moruo. Leha ho le joalo, lintho tsena li felisa lera la ozone 'me li baka tšokelo Lefatšeng. Ho phaella moo, ho thata haholo ho sebelisa hape le ho bokella likarolo tsa tsona tse setseng, kahoo tšebeliso ea tsona e thibetsoe ka molao.
2.Moemeli oa ho Hloekisa o Thehiloeng Metsing
Lisebelisoa tsa pele tsa ho hlwekisa tse thehilweng metsing hangata li ne li sebelisa li-alkali tse sa pheleng tse nang le alkaline e ngata kapa matsoai a sa pheleng. Mekhoa ea tsona e bonolo le alkaline e matla li tlisitse mathata a mangata nakong ea ho hloekisa 'me li sitisa haholo ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa. Lisebelisoa tsa kajeno tsa ho hloekisa tse thehilweng metsing li hlōtse mefokolo ena. Li kenyelletsa li-surfactants, li-complexing agents, li-corrosion inhibitors, li-stabilizers, li-solvents le metsoako e meng e sebetsang, ka mekhoa e ikhethileng e ntlafalitsoeng ka mokhoa o utloahalang ho latela merero e fapaneng ea ho hloekisa le thepa ea motheo.
Mohlala, ho tlosa mafura pele ho electroplating ho sebedisa metsoako e kopantsweng jwalo ka polyether, triethanolamine oleate le sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate. Foromo ena e kopantsweng ha e senyehe ho thepa ya motheo. Ha e hloke ho futhumatswa nakong ya tshebediso, e hlahisa foam e tlase, e fana ka diphetho tse ntle tsa ho hlwekisa, e na le tekanyo e tlase le ditjeo, mme e bonolo ho e sebedisa. Ha e na chefo ebile e mosa tikolohong, e loketse ho hlwekiswa ka letsoho le ka mechini ka kalafo e bonolo ya kamora ho hlwekisa.
Ho ntlafatsa foromo ea lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng metsing le hona ho nolofalletsa mesebetsi e mengata ho etsoa ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ha ho hloekisoa likarolo tsa koporo, metsoako ea ho polisha e ka eketsoa foromong ea ho hloekisa ho phethela ho hloekisa le ho polisha ka ts'ebetso e le 'ngoe. Foromo e tloaelehileng e na le oli ea kokonate fatty acid diethanolamide, glycerin le dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, hammoho le li-corrosion inhibitors le brighteners. E boloka bokhoni bo matla ba ho tlosa mafura 'me e laola boleng ba pH hantle ho thibela likarolo tsa koporo ho tsoa ho corrosion e bakoang ke pH e tlase haholo. Li-corrosion inhibitors le brighteners tse ekelitsoeng li fa likarolo tsa koporo tse hloekisitsoeng khanya e ntle. Haeba li-protective tse etsang filimi li kopantsoe foromong, filimi e sireletsang e tla thehoa holim'a likarolo tsa koporo, e li boloke li khanya nako e telele kamora ho hloekisoa.
Ho phehella tlhoekiso e sireletsang tikoloho, disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa tse thehilweng metsing di ntlafaditswe ka dikarolo tsa ho hlwekisa tsa baeloji tse bolang le tse se nang chefo tse kang alkyl glycosides le sophorolipids. Foromo e tlwaelehileng e nka alkyl glycosides le sophorolipids e le di-surfactants, nitrilotriacetic acid e le moemedi ya kopanyang, sodium alginate e le sethibela-mafu, le sodium gluconate e le motswako o thusang. Dikarolo tsena kaofela di na le ho tsamaisana hantle ha disebediswa, sekgahla se phahameng sa ho senyeha ha dikokwana-hloko le ho teneha ho fokolang ha letlalo. Ntle le moo, disebediswa tse thusang ha di na phosphorus, e leng se etsang hore dihlahiswa di bolokehe haholo tikolohong. Disebediswa tse jwalo tsa ho hlwekisa di sebediswa haholo e le dihlwekisi tse tala bakeng sa dikhitjhini, matloana a ho hlapela le dibaka tse ding tsa bodulo, di ithorisa ka menyetla e mengata ya tshebediso.
Lisebelisoa tsa ho hlwekisa tse thehilweng metsing li koahela mefokolo ea li-solvent tsa tlhaho. Li theko e tlase, li bolokehile ebile li mosa tikolohong, li na le thepa e tala e fumanehang habonolo le e ka nchafatsoang. Ka hona, lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa tse thehilweng metsing li ka sebetsa e le sebaka se setle sa li-solvent tsa tlhaho ha li ntse li fihlela litlamorao tse tšoanang tsa ho hloekisa.
3.Moemeli oa ho Hloekisa ea Thehiloeng Metsing a Semi-Metsi
Disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa tse se nang metsi a mangata di fapana le disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa tse thehilweng hodima di-solvent tsa tlhaho ka hore metsi le di-surfactant di eketswa di-solvent tsa tlhaho. Ka lebaka lena, di boetse di bitswa disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa tsa emulsion kapa disebediswa tsa ho hlwekisa tsa microemulsion dingolweng tse ding.
Mokhoa oa bona oa ho hloekisa o kopanya mekhoa ea li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng metsing tse nang le li-surfactant le li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng ho solvent. Li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse se nang metsi li boloka melemo ea li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng ho solvent tsa setso, e leng ho hloekisa ho matla khahlanong le matheba a oli le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho kolobisa le ho kenella holim'a li-substrate. Ho sa le joalo, li fana ka bokhoni bo ntlafalitsoeng ba ho tlosa litšila tse thehiloeng metsing. Ha li bapisoa le li-agent tsa ho hloekisa tse thehiloeng ho solvent tsa tlhaho, li boetse li na le ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng ea ho hloekisa ho litšila tse sa pheleng. Ho eketsoa ha metsi ho phahamisa ntlha ea khanya le ho fokotsa ho feto-fetoha ha li-agent tsa ho hloekisa, e leng se ntlafatsang polokeho ea li-solvent tsa pele le ho atolosa boholo ba tsona ba ts'ebeliso.
Ho latela ho qhibiliha ha ditharollo tsa tlhaho ka metsing, dihlahiswa tsa ho hlwekisa tse se nang metsi hangata di arolwa ka mofuta wa ditharollo tse qhibilihang ka metsing le mofuta wa ditharollo tse se nang metsi. Ditharollo tse qhibilihang ka metsing haholoholo ke di-alcohol, ether le di-ketone. Di sebetsa ka katleho hodima ditshila tse nang le oli le tse thehilweng metsing, leha ho le jwalo di a tuka. Ho di etsa dihlahiswa tsa ho hlwekisa tse se nang metsi ka metsi a mangata ho ka fokotsa ho tuka bakeng sa tshebediso e bolokehileng. Ditharollo tse se nang metsi haholoholo di kenyeletsa ditharollo tsa hydrocarbon tse thehilweng peteroleng, ditharollo tsa terpene hydrocarbon le di-hydrocarbon tse nang le halogenated. Di boetse di na le dintlha tse tlase tsa flash mme di ka tuka haholo ebile di phatloha. Ha ditharollo tse jwalo tsa tlhaho di etswa dihlahiswa tsa ho hlwekisa tse se nang metsi, phapang e kgolo kgatellong ya bokahodimo pakeng tsa ditharollo tsa tlhaho tse se nang metsi le metsi e tla lebisa ho se dumellaneng le ho arolwa ha dihlopha haeba ho eketswa metsi feela. Ka hona, di-surfactant di hloka ho kenyeletswa ho fokotsa kgatello ya difacial pakeng tsa mekhahlelo e mmedi, ho ntlafatsa ho tsamaellana le ho fihlella ho kopanya ho tshwanang.
Nako ea poso: Mots'eanong-28-2026