Iidayi ezisasazekileyo zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukudaya iifayibha ezingafuni manzi ezifana ne-polyester, i-spandex, i-nylon, kunye neefayibha ze-acetate. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yokudaya iifayibha, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeearhente zokulinganisa ziye zaphuhliswa kakhulu.
Iarhente yokuleveling yokudaya obushushu obuphezulu
Xa kusetyenziswa iidayi ezisasazekileyo xa kudaywa ngobushushu obuphezulu nangoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukudaywa okungalinganiyo kudla ngokubangelwa zizinto ezinje ngokungasasazeki kakuhle, ipropathi yokulinganisa, kunye nepropathi yokufuduka kweedayi, kunye nolawulo olungafanelekanga lwesantya sokufudumeza. Ngokukodwa, iifayibha zepolyester ezingafuni kukhanya zinobunzima obuncinci kakhulu kunye nommandla ophezulu womphezulu, nto leyo ekhawulezisa isantya sokudaywa kweedayi. Ukongeza, ulwakhiwo lwelaphu eliqinileyo lwenza kube nzima ukuba iidayi zingene kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukudaywa okungalinganiyo okubonakalayo xa kuthelekiswa neefayibha zepolyester eziqhelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-agents zokulinganisa ukudaywa okungalinganiyo ngexesha lokudaywa kunokuphucula isiphumo sokulinganisa selaphu kwaye kuphucule umgangatho wemveliso.
Ngokubanzi, kwiidayi ezisasazekileyo ezingezizo i-ionic, ii-surfactants ezingezizo i-ionic zingasetyenziswa njengee-leveling agents. Ezi zimbini zinokwenza indibaniselwano ye-hydrophobic, enokunciphisa isantya sokudaya ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokuleveling. Phakathi kwee-molecules ze-arhente yokuleveling ezingezizo i-ionic, ii-surfactants zohlobo lwe-polyoxyethylene ester zineempawu ezingcono zokuleveling kunee-surfactants zohlobo lwe-polyoxyethylene ether (ubudlelwane bezakhiwo zohlobo lwe-ester kwi-polyester bukhulu kunezakhiwo zohlobo lwe-ether), kwaye ii-surfactants ezineendandatho ze-benzene zineempawu ezingcono zokuleveling kunee-surfactants ze-aliphatic.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-surfactants ezingezizo i-ionic zinobuthathaka bokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngexesha lokudaya i-polyester ngobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye indibaniselwano phakathi kwe-oxyethylene chain kunye namaqela afana ne-hydroxyl kunye ne-amino kwiimolekyuli zedayi yi-adsorption ekhululekileyo ngokwasemzimbeni, engenamandla aphakathi kweemolekyuli, nto leyo ebangela ukusasazeka okungekuhle kunye nokunyibilika. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-surfactants ezingezizo i-ionic ezinamafu aphantsi kunokukhokelela ngokulula ekuhlanganisweni kwedayi. Ekubeni ii-surfactants ze-anionic zinokufunxwa phezu kwamasuntswana edayi ukuze zenze umaleko onamandla wetshaja engalunganga, kukho ukugxothwa kombane okunamandla phakathi kwamasuntswana edayi, okwenza imeko ezinzileyo yokusasazeka. Zinamandla amakhulu okusasazeka kwiipolymers ezidibeneyo zeedayi ezisasazekileyo, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwazo kwaye zigcine iidayi zizinzile kwindawo yokuhlamba idayi, enokusombulula ingxaki yamabala edayi abangelwa kukuhlanganiswa kwedayi ngenxa yenqaku eliphantsi lefu lee-surfactants ezingezizo i-ionic.
Iiarhente zokulinganisa ubushushu obuphezulu ezinentsebenzo egqwesileyo zihlanganiswa ngokusebenzisa iziphumo ezihambelanayo neziphuculayo zee-surfactants ezingezizo i-ionic kunye nee-surfactants ze-anionic, apho izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zecandelo ngalinye zinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Kukho iimveliso ezininzi zeearhente zokulinganisa ubushushu obuphezulu ezihlanganiswe zii-surfactants ze-anionic/non-ionic (ezinye zongeza ezinye iithwali). Izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zecandelo ngalinye zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, enokwahlulwahlulwa ngokubanzi ibe: 1) Isakhiwo se-ethoxy sinokubamba iidayi ezisasazekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokudaya, sonyuse iindawo zokudaya zeedayi, kwaye silibale ukudaya; 2) Xa ubushushu bokudaya bufikelela kwixabiso elithile elibalulekileyo, isakhiwo se-compound esivumbayo sinokwenza i-polyester fiber iguqulwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye idumbe, inciphise ubushushu bokutshintsha kweglasi ye-polyester ngama-20-25.℃, yonyusa kakhulu iimbobo kwifayibha, yenza idayi ikwazi ukudaya ifayibha ngokukhawuleza nangokuqatha, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, isebenze njengesinyibilikisi sedayi ukwenza idayi kwifayibha ihlale iphuma kwifayibha kwaye idlule ekufudukeni okucacileyo (ukufuduka kwedayi) ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo sokulinganisa.
Ezinye iimveliso ezidityanisiweyo ze-surfactants zineempawu eziphezulu zokukhupha igwebu, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki kwiimashini zokufaka idayi ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufaka idayi yomlinganiselo ophantsi wokuhlamba. Ke ngoko, kufuneka ii-arhente zokulinganisa igwebu eliphantsi. Izisombululo ziquka: ukongeza ii-defoamers, ingakumbi ii-silicone defoamers, ezisebenza kakhulu kubushushu obuphezulu; ukusebenzisa indlela ye-copolymerization ye-ethylene oxide kunye ne-propylene oxide ukufumana iimveliso ze-low-foam.
2. Iarhente yokulinganisa i-thermosol dyeing
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokudaya idayi ye-thermosol yedayi ezisasazekileyo, ukufuduka kuhlala kwenzeka, okubangela iziphene ezifana namabala emibala, umbala ongalinganiyo, kunye nemigca kumphezulu welaphu, okubangela ukudaya okungalinganiyo. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii-anti-migration agents. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zee-anti-migration agents ezisetyenziswayo: enye yi-sodium alginate; enye yi-acrylic copolymer. I-Sodium alginate ineempawu ezimbi zokudaya i-level-dyeing, ngelixa i-acrylic copolymer inamandla amahle okudaya i-migration kwaye ayinazo iziphene zokudaya.
Ixesha leposi: Feb-11-2026