1.Isiphumo sokuxubha
Ubudlelwane obupheleleyo bamaqela athanda amanzi kunye nathanda i-lipophilic kwiimolekyuli ze-surfactant kwioyile okanye emanzini. Ngokusekelwe kumava, uluhlu lwexabiso le-Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) le-surfactants lunqunyelwe kwi-0–40, ngelixa elo le-non-ionic surfactants liwela ngaphakathi kwe-0–20.
Ifomula yokudibanisa:HLB=（HLBa Wa+HLBb /Wb） / （Wa+Wb）Ubalo lwethiyori：HLB=∑（Ixabiso leHLB lamaQela aPhilayo）+∑（Ixabiso leHLB lamaQela aPhilayo）-7 HLB：3-8 W/O-type Emulsifier：Between；Ixabiso leHLB lamaSepha eMonovalent：8-16 O/W-type Emulsifier：Span；Divalent Soap.
Inkqubo yokusasazwa okurhabaxa eyenziwe ngokusasaza ulwelo olunye okanye ngaphezulu njengamathontsi olwelo anobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-10−7m kolunye ulwelo olungaxutywanga ibizwa ngokuba yi-emulsion. I-emulsifier kufuneka yongezwe ukuze ihlale ihleli. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo se-emulsifier, ingenza i-emulsion yeoyile emanzini (O/W) enamanzi njengesigaba esiqhubekayo okanye i-emulsion yamanzi kwioyile (W/O) eneoyile njengesigaba esiqhubekayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka kongezwe olunye uhlobo lwe-surfactant ukuze kuphulwe i-emulsion, ebizwa ngokuba yi-demulsifier. Yahlula isigaba esisasazekileyo kwi-dispersion medium kwi-emulsion. Umzekelo, ii-demulsifiers zongezwa kwi-oyile ekrwada ukuze zahlule ioyile emanzini.
2.Iziphumo zokukhupha amagwebu kunye nokucoca i-foam
Ii-surfactants zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lezemithi. Kwizinto ezilungiselelwa amayeza, amayeza amaninzi anganyibilikiyo emanzini afana neeoyile ezithile eziguquguqukayo, ii-celluloses ezinyibilikayo kumafutha kunye nee-hormone ze-steroid zinokwenza izisombululo ezicacileyo kwaye zonyuse uxinaniso lwazo ngenxa yesiphumo sokunyibilikisa kwee-surfactants. Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela amayeza, ii-surfactants zisebenza njengee-emulsifiers eziyimfuneko, ii-agents zokumanzisa, ii-agents zokumisa, ii-agents zokufutha kunye nee-defoamers. "I-foam" ichazwa njengegesi evalelwe yifilimu engamanzi. Ii-surfactants ezithile zinokwenza iifilimu zamandla athile xa zixutywe namanzi, ezibamba umoya ukuvelisa ii-foams; ezo surfactants zibizwa ngokuba zii-agents zokufutha kwaye zisetyenziswa kwi-floth flotation, ukucima umlilo we-foam kunye nokucoca kunye nokususa amabala. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-defoamers nazo ziyafuneka kwezinye iimeko: umzekelo, ii-foams ezininzi zenziwa ngexesha lokuveliswa kweswekile kunye nokucubungula amayeza emveli aseTshayina, ngoko ke ii-surfactants ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zongezwe ukunciphisa amandla efilimu engamanzi, ukususa amaqamza kunye nokuthintela iingozi.
3. Isiphumo sokumisa
Kwishishini lezinambuzane,Kufuneka inani elithile lezinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-surfactants kwi-wettable powders, i-emulsifiable concentrates, kunye ne-concentrated emulsions. Umzekelo, izithako ezisebenzayo kwi-wettable powders ikakhulu zii-organic compounds ezine-hydrophobicity. Kuphela xa kukho ii-surfactants, ezinciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu wamanzi, apho amasuntswana e-pesticide angamanziswa ngamanzi aze enze i-aqueous suspensions.
Ukusetyenziswa kwee-surfactants kwi-ore flotation kuxhomekeke kwisiphumo sokuncedisa i-flotation. I-pulp ye-ore iyashukunyiswa ngelixa umoya uvuthuzwa usuka ezantsi kwetanki; amaqamza athwala amaqhekeza e-ore asebenzayo emva koko aqokelelana phezu komphezulu. La maqamza ayaqokelelwa, kwaye i-foam iyaqhekeka kwaye ixutywe ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokutyebisa i-ore. I-silt kunye nelitye elingenayo i-ore zihlala ezantsi kwetanki kwaye zisuswa rhoqo. Xa i-5% yomphezulu wamaqhekeza e-ore igqunywe ngabaqokeleli, umphezulu uba yi-hydrophobic, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amaqhekeza e-ore anamathele kumaqamza aze antante phezulu kumphezulu wolwelo ukuze kube lula ukuqokelela. Abaqokeleli abafanelekileyo kufuneka bakhethwe ngendlela yokuba amaqela abo athanda i-hydrophilic afakwe kuphela kumphezulu wamaqhekeza e-ore, kunye namaqela athanda i-hydrophobic ajonge emanzini.
4. Ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane
Kwishishini lamayeza, zingasetyenziswa njengeefungicides kunye nee-disinfectants. Iziphumo zazo zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane zibangelwa kukunxibelelana kwazo okukhulu neeproteni kwi-biofilms zebhaktiriya, eziguqula okanye zikhubaze ezi proteni. Ezi ntsholongwane zinyibilika kakhulu emanzini. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani obusetyenzisiweyo, zingasetyenziswa ekubulaleni ulusu ngaphambi kotyando, ekubulaleni amanxeba okanye i-mucosal, ekubulaleni izixhobo, nasekubulaleni ulusu kwindawo engqongileyo.
5. Isixhobo sokucoca kunye nesiphumo sokucoca
Ukususa ukungcola okunamafutha yinkqubo enzima kakhulu, enxulumene nemisebenzi ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla efana nokumanzisa nokufutha. Iisepha zokucoca zihlala zifuna ukongeza izithako ezahlukeneyo zokuncedisa ukuphucula isiphumo sokumanzisa kwizinto eziza kucocwa, kwaye zinemisebenzi efana nokufutha, ukwenza mhlophe, nokuhlala kumphezulu ocociweyo ukuthintela ukungcola kwakhona. Phakathi kwazo, inkqubo yokususa ukungcola kwee-surfactants, ezizezona zinto ziphambili, yile ilandelayo: amanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu lomphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakubi kokumanzisa kumabala eoyile, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlamba amabala eoyile. Emva kokongeza ii-surfactants, amaqela angenamanzi ajonga kumphezulu welaphu aze afunxe ukungcola, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukungcola kusuke kancinci kancinci kumphezulu. Ukungcola kuxhonywa emanzini okanye kudada kumphezulu kunye nefoam kuze kususwe, kwaye umphezulu ococekileyo uhlala iimolekyuli ze-surfactant. Okokugqibela, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umsebenzi wee-surfactants awubangelwa nje kuphela yinto enye yendima yazo; kwiimeko ezininzi, sisiphumo sesenzo esidibeneyo sezinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, kwishishini lokwenza amaphepha, zingasetyenziswa njengeearhente zokupheka, iiarhente zokususa i-ink kwi-waste paper, iiarhente zokulinganisa ubungakanani, iiarhente zokulawula i-resin barrier, ii-defoamers, ii-softeners, ii-antistatic agents, ii-scale inhibitors, ii-softeners, ii-degreasers, ii-bactericides kunye ne-algaecides, ii-corrosion inhibitors, njl.njl.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-29-2025