Iindaba

1. Isenzo sokumanzisa (I-HLB efunekayo: 7-9)

Ukumanzisa kubhekisa kwinto apho igesi efunxwayo kumphezulu oqinileyo ithathelwa indawo lulwelo. Izinto eziphucula olu buchule bokutshintsha zibizwa ngokuba zii-wetting agents. Ukumanzisa ngokubanzi kwahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezintathu: ukumanzisa okunxibelelanayo (ukumanzisa okunamathelayo), ukumanzisa ngokuntywiliselwa (ukumanzisa ngokungena), kunye nokumanzisa ngokusasazeka (ukusasazeka).

Phakathi kwezi, ukusasazeka komgangatho ophezulu wokumanzisa, kwaye i-coefficient yokusasazeka isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesalathiso sokumanzisa phakathi kweenkqubo.

Ukongeza, i-engile yoqhagamshelwano nayo yindlela yokuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kokumanzisa.

Ukusetyenziswa kwee-surfactants kunokulawula izinga lokumanzisa phakathi kwezinto ezimanzi neziqinileyo.

Kwishishini lezibulali-zinambuzane, ezinye iigranules kunye neempuphu zokutshiza ziqulathe ubungakanani obuthile bezinto ezibangela ukudumba. Injongo yazo kukuphucula ukunamathela kunye nokubekwa kwento ebangela ukudumba kumphezulu ocociweyo, ukuphucula izinga lokukhululwa kunye nendawo yokusasazeka kwezithako ezisebenzayo phantsi kweemeko ezimanzi, kunye nokuphucula imiphumo yokuthintela izifo kunye nokulawula.

Kwishishini lezinto zokuthambisa, njenge-emulsifier, iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lolusu ezifana neekhrimu, iiloshini, izicoci, kunye nezisusa izimonyo.

2. Izenzo zokufaka igwebu kunye nokucoca i-foam

Ii-surfactants zikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lee-pharmacy. Kwi-pharmacy formulations, amayeza amaninzi anganyibilikiyo kakuhle afana nee-volatile oils, i-fat-soluble cellulose, kunye nee-steroidal hormones zinokwenza izisombululo ezicacileyo kwaye zonyuse uxinaniso ngesenzo sokunyibilikisa se-surfactants.

Ngexesha lokulungiselela amayeza, ii-surfactants azibalulekanga njengeemulsifiers, ii-wetting agents, ii-suspensing agents, ii-foam agents, kunye nee-defoaming agents. I-Foam inegesi evalelwe yi-liquid film encinci. Ezinye ii-surfactants zinokwenza iifilimu ezinamandla athile ngamanzi, zivale umoya ukwenza i-foam, esetyenziswa kwi-mineral flotation, kwi-foam fire extinguition, nakwi-cleaning. Ezi arhente zibizwa ngokuba zii-foam agents.

Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka izixhobo zokucoca iswekile. Ekucoceni iswekile nakwimveliso yamayeza emveli aseTshayina, igwebu eligqithisileyo linokuba yingxaki. Ukongeza izinto ezifanelekileyo zokucoca iswekile kunciphisa amandla efilimu, kususa amaqamza, kwaye kuthintela iingozi.

3. Isenzo sokumisa (Uzinziso lokumisa)

Kwishishini leezinambuzane, iipowders ezimanzi, ii-concentrates ezixutywayo, kunye nee-emulsions ezixutywayo zonke zifuna ubungakanani obuthile bee-surfactants. Ekubeni izithako ezininzi ezisebenzayo kwiipowders ezimanzi ziyi-hydrophobic organic compounds, ii-surfactants ziyafuneka ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu wamanzi, okuvumela ukumanzisa kwamasuntswana eziyobisi kunye nokwenziwa kwee-aqueous suspensions.

Ii-surfactants zisetyenziswa kwi-mineral flotation ukuze kufezekiswe ukuzinza kokumiswa. Ngokuvuselela nokuvuthuza umoya osuka ezantsi kwetanki, amaqamza aphethe umgubo weminerali osebenzayo ayaqokelelana phezu komhlaba, apho aqokelelwa khona aze asuswe ukuze agxininiswe, ukuze afumane ukutyetyiswa. Isanti, udaka, kunye namatye angenaminerali ahlala ezantsi kwaye asuswa rhoqo.

Xa i-5% yomphezulu wesanti yeminerali igqunywe ngumqokeleli, iba yi-hydrophobic kwaye inamathele kumaqamza, inyuke iye kumphezulu ukuze iqokelelwe. Kukhethwa umqokeleli ofanelekileyo ukuze amaqela ayo athanda amanzi anamathele kumphezulu wesanti yeminerali kuphela ngelixa amaqela athanda amanzi ajongene namanzi.

4. Ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane

Kwishishini lezemithi, ii-surfactants zingasetyenziswa njengee-bactericides kunye nee-disinfectants. Iziphumo zazo zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane zivela kunxibelelwano oluqinileyo neeproteni zebhayofilm zebhaktiriya, okubangela ukuguquka okanye ukulahleka komsebenzi.

Ezi zibulali-ntsholongwane zinyibilika kakhulu emanzini kwaye zingasetyenziswa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo:

·Ukubulala iintsholongwane eluswini ngaphambi kotyando

·Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwinxeba okanye kwi-mucosal

·Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo

·Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwindalo esingqongileyo

5. Ukucoca kunye nesenzo sokucoca

Ukususa amabala egrisi yinkqubo enzima enxulumene nokumanzisa, ukukhupha igwebu, kunye nezinye izenzo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.

Iisepha zihlala ziqulathe izinto ezininzi ezincedisayo:

·Phucula ukumanzisa kwento ecocwayo

·Yenza igwebu

·Nika iziphumo ezikhanyayo

·Nqanda ukuphinda kufakwe ubumdaka

·Inkqubo yokucoca ii-surfactants njengeyona nto iphambili isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Amanzi anoxinzelelo olukhulu lomphezulu kwaye akakwazi ukumanzisa kakuhle amabala anamafutha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuwasusa. Emva kokongeza izinto ezibangela ukuba amanzi angabi mdaka, amaqela azo athanda ukumanzisa ajonge kumphezulu welaphu aze afunxe ukungcola, nto leyo esusa kancinci ukungcola. Ukungcola kuhlala kuxhonywe emanzini okanye kudada phezu komphezulu ngefoam ngaphambi kokuba kususwe, ngelixa umphezulu ococekileyo ugqunywa ziimolekyuli zezinto ezibangela ukuba amanzi angabi mdaka.

Okokugqibela, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ii-surfactants azisebenzi ngendlela enye kodwa zihlala zisebenza ngesiphumo esidibeneyo sezinto ezininzi.

Umzekelo, kushishino lwephepha, zingasebenza njengezi:

·Iiarhente zokupheka

·Iiarhente zokususa i-inki zephepha elimdaka

·Iiarhente zokulinganisa ubungakanani

·Iiarhente zokulawula imiqobo ye-resin

·Izicoci ze-Defoam

·Izithambisi

·Iiarhente ezilwa nokumelana nemozulu

·Izithinteli zesikali

·Iiarhente zokuthambisa

·Iiarhente zokususa amafutha