Maganin wanki namasu surfactantsIta ce babbar kadararsu mai amfani da yawa. Tana da alaƙa da rayuwar yau da kullun ta gidaje marasa adadi kuma ana ƙara amfani da ita a kowane fanni na rayuwa da sassa daban-daban na masana'antu.
Surfactants suna aiki a matsayin manyan sinadaran aiki a cikin sabulun wanke-wanke; sabulun roba ba zai wanzu ba tare da surfactants ba. Daga cikin dukkan nau'ikan surfactants (SAA), anionic surfactants sune farkon waɗanda mutane ke amfani da su kuma sun kasance nau'in da aka fi amfani da shi, wanda a halin yanzu ya kai sama da kashi 50% na jimlar buƙatun kasuwa.
I. Anionic Surfactants
Manyan nau'ikan surfactants na anionic da ake amfani da su a cikin sabulun sun haɗa da gishirin fatty acid (sabulu), alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS), fatty alcohol sulfates (AS), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfates (AES),α- olefin sulfonates (AOS), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylates (AEC), da fatty acid methyl ester sulfonates (MES).
1. Sabulu
Sashen da ke aiki a saman ƙwayoyin sabulu yana ɗauke da mummunan caji, inda gishirin sodium da potassium na kitse mai tsayi ya kai kimanin kashi 25%. Wannan sabulun da ake amfani da shi sosai yana da fa'idodin wadataccen kayan aiki, shiri mai sauƙi da ƙarancin farashi. A fannin masana'antu, galibi ana samar da shi ta hanyar amfani da kitse mai saponifying kamar su naman sa da kitsen naman rago tare da alkalis masu ƙarfi, sannan a yi gishiri a raba glycerol. Babban koma-bayarsa shine lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga ions na ƙarfe masu divalent da trivalent, ciki har da Ca.2+, Mg2+ da kuma Fe2+ A cikin ruwan da ke cikinsa, yana samar da sabulun calcium ko sabulun magnesium wanda ba ya narkewa sosai, wanda ke kawar da sabulun wanke-wanke.
2. Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (ABS)
Sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate (RC)6H6-SONa) wani muhimmin sinadarin anionic surfactant ne. Yana da kyau wajen narkewar ruwa da kuma kusan cikakken ionization. Gishirin calcium da magnesium ɗinsa suna da yawan narkewar ruwa, wanda hakan ke ba shi juriya ga ruwa mai tauri. Daga cikin alkylbenzene sulfonates, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) ya shahara saboda ƙarancin farashi, ƙarfin sabulun wanke-wanke, sauƙin lalata halittu da kuma kyawun muhalli. Zuwa yanzu, babu wani sinadarin surfactant da ake amfani da shi a matsayin sinadaran sabulun wanke-wanke da zai iya yin gogayya da LAS a fannin fasaha da fa'idodin tattalin arziki, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ginshiƙin masana'antar sabulun wanke-wanke ta roba ta duniya. Ana amfani da shi galibi a cikin sabulun wanke-wanke na masana'antu da na gida. Kayayyakin da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate tare da kyakkyawan aikin wanke-wanke, da sodium octadecyl benzene sulfonate, wanda ke samar da mafi ƙarfi na sabulun wanke-wanke a cikin jerin sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate.
3. α- Olefin Sulfonates (AOS)
AOS wani abu ne mai aiki a cikin sabulun wanke hannu, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin tsaftace hannu, shamfu, baho mai kumfa, sabulun wanke-wanke, masu tsabtace masana'antu da foda na wanki.
4. Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Sulfonates (MES)
A tsarin kwayoyin halittarsa, R yana nufin ƙungiyoyin alkyl kuma R' yana wakiltar ƙungiyoyin methyl. Don kayan sawa, sarƙoƙin alkyl na C16 da C18 sun fi kyau, yayin da sarƙoƙin alkyl na C14 suna ba da mafi kyawun juriya ga ruwa mai tauri. An samo shi daga mai na halitta da mai, MES wani abu ne mai surfactant mai ban mamaki wanda ke da ƙarfin wankewa da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na sabulun calcium. Yana nuna kyakkyawan jituwa da zeolites, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da ƙera foda na wanki ba tare da phosphate ba. Ikon watsa sabulun calcium ɗinsa ya fi na LAS, yana sauƙaƙa samarwa da amfani da sabulun hadadden da foda na wanki da aka yi da sabulu.
5. Sulfates na Barasa Mai Kitse (AS) da kuma Sulfates na Barasa Mai Kitse (AES)
AS tana bin tsarin ROSO na gaba ɗaya₃Na; sarƙoƙi masu ɗauke da R = C14~C16 suna ba da kyakkyawan abin sha. AES yana da dabarar gabaɗaya RO(C)2H4O)nSO₃Na, tare da R = C14~C15 da n = 1–2 yana samar da ingantaccen aikin wanke-wanke. Dukansu AS da AES suna da kyakkyawan yanayin lalata ƙwayoyin halitta, ƙarfi na sabulun wanki da kuma ƙarfin kumfa mai kyau, wanda hakan ya sa suka dace da sinadaran sabulun wanke-wanke masu kumfa. Ana amfani da su ga sabulun wanki mai laushi ko na ulu, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin wanka mai kumfa, shamfu na gashi, kayan kwalliya, ruwan wanke-wanke da hannu, masu tsabtace kayan lambu da sabulun gida.
II.Masu Surfactants na Nonionic
Masu samar da sinadarai marasa ionic suna da kyakkyawan aikin wanke-wanke akan ƙasa mai mai da kuma ƙarfin hana sake gurɓata ƙwayoyin halitta don zare na roba. Hakanan suna da juriya mai kyau ga ruwa mai tauri da kuma electrolytes masu yawan tattarawa. Babban fa'idar polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants yana cikin tsarin daidaitawa na ƙwayoyin hydrophobic da hydrophilic. Ta hanyar gyara adadin ethylene oxide (EO), ana iya tsara su don nau'ikan substrates daban-daban don samar da mafi kyawun sabulu.
1. Polyoxyethylene Alcohol Ethers
Tsarin Janar: RO(C)2H4O)nH, inda R ke wakiltar ƙungiyoyin alkyl daga C,12 zuwa C18 kuma n yana da sauƙin daidaitawa. Waɗannan mahaɗan suna da ingantaccen aikin wankewa wanda aka nuna a cikin waɗannan fannoni: ƙarancin yawan micelle mai mahimmanci (cmc), wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da sabulu mai ƙarfi ko da a ƙananan yawan da ake samu, ƙarfin tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi, da kuma halayen sake cire ƙasa lokacin wanke zaruruwan roba. Bugu da ƙari, suna ba da kyakkyawan aikin wankewa na ƙarancin zafin jiki. Suna bayyana kamar farin zuwa rawaya mai haske a yanayin zafi na yanayi, suna narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma suna ba da damar yin emulsifying, tsaftacewa da jika. Ana amfani da su sosai a cikin sabulun gida, masu tsabtace masana'antu da masu rage man ƙarfe.
2. Polyoxyethylene Alkylphenol Ethers
A cikin dabarar kwayoyin halittarsu, R galibi yana nufin ƙungiyoyin octyl, nonyl da dodecyl, tare da ƙimar n mai daidaitawa. Ana bambanta su da ƙarfin cire mai da mai mai kyau. Kayayyakin kasuwanci na yau da kullun sun haɗa da jerin OP, jerin OPE da jerin SOPE. Suna da ƙarfin juriyar acid da alkali da kuma juriyar ruwa mai tauri, tare da haɗakar ayyukan sabulu, jika da kuma emulsifying don ruwan sarrafa ƙarfe da kuma masu tsaftacewa na masana'antu.
3.Alkyl Polyglucosides(APG)
An san Alkyl polyglucosides a matsayin sabon ƙarni na masu amfani da surfactants na duniya.
Amfanin APG:
Babban aikin haɗin fuska da ƙarancin tashin hankali na saman fuska;
Babu wurin girgije da kuma aiki mai karko a yanayin zafi mai yawa;
Kyakkyawan wanke-wanke, ƙarfin kumfa mai yawa, ƙarfin jika/emulsifying mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali na watsawa;
Ba shi da guba, ƙaiƙayi mai laushi ga fata da kuma lalacewar halitta idan aka kwatanta da duk nau'ikan surfactant da ke akwai (ƙarfin asali da halaye).
Saboda waɗannan kyawawan halaye, APG ta sami karɓuwa ta musamman a fannoni da dama, ciki har da kera sabulun wanki, kayan kwalliya, sarrafa abinci da kuma samar da magunguna. Bugu da ƙari, sauƙin wankewa da kuma rashin tsatsa, ya sa ta dace musamman don amfani da ruwan wanke-wanke da kuma masu wanke-wanke.
Manyan yanayin amfani da APG a cikin maganin sabulu sune kamar haka:
Sabulun wanke-wanke da gyaran gashi: Magungunan da aka yi amfani da su a kan APG ba sa yin ƙaiƙayi ga fata, suna samar da kumfa mai kyau kuma suna ba da tasirin hana tsufa yayin shamfu. Kayayyakin ƙarshe galibi ruwa ne kuma ana iya sarrafa su zuwa sabulun wanke-wanke.
Ruwan wanke-wanke: Ruwan wanke-wanke da aka yi da APG yana ba da ƙarfin aiki mai kyau na kumfa, dacewa da fata mai laushi, jin santsi da hannu bayan amfani, sauƙin wankewa da kuma rashin alamun da suka rage.
Sabulun wanki: APG yana samar da sabulun wanke-wanke mai kyau a cikin tsarin wanki, wanda ya dace da tsaftace dukkan nau'ikan masaku kamar auduga, ulu da polyester. Yana cire tabon laka da mai yadda ya kamata yayin da yake ba da laushin masaku, hana tsatsa da kuma hana raguwa. Hakanan ana iya ƙera shi a matsayin sabulun wanki wanda ke kiyaye ingantaccen tsaftacewa a cikin ruwa mai tauri.
Masu tsaftace saman da ke da tauri: Bayan tsaftace kwano, ana iya ƙera APG don tsaftace sauran saman da ke da tauri. A matsayin sinadari mai aiki, ana iya haɗa shi da sabulun wanki don muhallin da ke da acid mai ƙarfi, inda hakan ke hana iskar shaka da lalata ƙarfe mai ƙarfi.
III.Masu Surfactants na Amphoteric
Tsarin kwayoyin halittarsu yana ɗauke da caji mai kyau da mara kyau na lantarki. Saboda wannan fasalin tsari na musamman, suna nuna halayen aikace-aikacen masu zuwa: ƙarancin guba, ɗan ƙaiƙayi ga fata da idanu, kyakkyawan lalacewa da kuma dacewa da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da ruwa, da kuma kyakkyawan aikin jika, tsaftacewa da kumfa. Manyan nau'ikan sabulun wanke-wanke da ake amfani da su an rarraba su kamar haka:
1. Abubuwan da ke ɗauke da sinadarin N-Acyl Amino Acid
Suna aiki a matsayin kayan aiki na asali don shamfu da kayan tsaftacewa, tare da juriya ga acid mai rauni da ruwa mai tauri. Misalan da suka fi dacewa sun haɗa da N-acyl oligopeptide carboxylates da Remipol A (sabulun sabulun 613, sodium oleoyl peptide carboxylate).
Ana haɗa Remipol A ta hanyar haɗakar sinadarin da ke tsakanin sinadarin fatty acid chloride da oligopeptides da aka samo daga sinadarin protein hydrolysis. Yana da ƙarancin ƙaiƙayi da ƙarancin guba, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da kayan kwalliya. Yana nuna ƙarfin watsa sabulun lemun tsami, sabulun wanke-wanke da kuma ƙarfin emulsifying. A masana'antar yadi, yana aiki a matsayin sabulun wanke-wanke da kuma mai danshi; ƙarancin aikin rage mai yana sa ya dace da wanke yadi na siliki da ulu.
2. Masu Surfactants na Amphoteric Nau'in Betaine
Betaine amphoteric surfactants suna ba da kyakkyawan sabulun wanki akan yadin auduga da yadin polyester/auduga da aka haɗa, tare da hydroxy sulfobateines suna da fa'idodi na musamman yayin aikin wanke-wanke.
Misali, a ɗauki dodecyldimethyl betaine: yana wanzuwa a matsayin ruwa mai haske mara launi zuwa rawaya mai haske, yana aiki a matsayin cationic a cikin acidic media da kuma anionally a cikin alkaline media, kuma yana iya lalacewa cikin sauƙi. Yana da kyakkyawan aikin kumfa kuma yana laushi gashi, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban kayan da ake amfani da shi don shamfu masu laushi da samfuran kula da gashin jarirai. Godiya ga ƙarfin juriyarsa ga ruwa mai tauri, ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar sabulun wanke-wanke masu dacewa da ruwa mai tauri, kuma yana iya aiki azaman maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-02-2026