"Abale atatu" a aliphatic amines: oyambira, achiwiri ndi achitatu

Ma amine a Aliphatic amatanthauza gulu lalikulu la mankhwala a amine achilengedwe momwe ma atomu a haidrojeni a mamolekyu a ammonia amalowedwa m'malo ndi magulu a aliphatic alkyl okhala ndi kutalika kwa unyolo wa kaboni kuyambira C8 mpaka C22. Kale, abale ankayikidwa m'gulu la Bo, Zhong, Shu ndi Ji: Bo wamkulu, Zhong wachiwiri, Shu wachitatu, ndi Ji wamng'ono. Mofananamo, ma aliphatic amine amagawidwa m'magulu a primary amines, secondary amines ndi tertiary amines malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma atomu a haidrojeni m'mamolekyu a ammonia omwe amalowedwa m'malo ndi magulu a aliphatic alkyl.

Aliphatic primary aminesTaonani mankhwala omwe amapangidwa pamene atomu imodzi yokha ya haidrojeni mu molekyulu ya ammonia imalowetsedwa m'malo mwa gulu la aliphatic alkyl. Ma amine oyambira ali ndi ntchito zambiri. Ma amine oyambira ndi mchere wawo amatha kugwira ntchito ngati zinthu zothandiza pakuyandama kwa mchere, zinthu zoletsa kuyika kwa feteleza ndi zophulika, zinthu zoletsa madzi papepala, zoletsa dzimbiri, zowonjezera mafuta, mabakiteriya amafuta m'makampani opanga mafuta, zowonjezera zamafuta ndi mafuta, zinthu zoyeretsera zamagetsi, zinthu zopangira dothi la organometallic, zowonjezera pakupanga utoto, zinthu zoyeretsera madzi, zinthu zoumbira ndi zina zambiri. Ma amine oyambira angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zoyeretsera zam'madzi za ammonium salt asphalt, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga misewu yayikulu. Angachepetse mphamvu yogwirira ntchito yomanga ndi kukonza ndikuthandizira kukulitsa moyo wa ntchito za misewu.

Mafuta achiwiri a aminetchulani mankhwala opangidwa pamene maatomu awiri a haidrojeni a molekyulu ya ammonia alowetsedwa m'malo mwa magulu awiri ofanana kapena osiyana a alkyl amafuta. Ma amine achiwiri nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji; makamaka ndi zinthu zopangira ma dialkyl tertiary amines ndi mchere wa quaternary ammonium. Ntchito zambiri zimaphatikizapo mankhwala ophera udzu, zokhazikika za ma polima a dioxane, zinthu zoteteza madzi, zinthu zoletsa kutentha ndi zofewetsa ulusi, zinthu zopangira zofewetsa nsalu zamadzimadzi, zosakaniza za mafuta osakaniza a hydrocarbon, zowonjezera pamapepala, zowonjezera zamafuta, zowonjezera nsalu ndi zina zambiri.

Aliphatic tertiary aminestchulani mankhwala opangidwa pamene maatomu onse atatu a haidrojeni a molekyulu ya ammonia alowetsedwa m'malo mwa magulu a aliphatic alkyl. Mofanana ndi ma amine oyambira, ma amine a tertiary ali ndi ntchito zambiri. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji mu zosungira, zowonjezera mafuta, mabakiteriya, zotulutsa zitsulo zosowa, kupanga zodzoladzola, kupanga citric acid, mankhwala oletsa static a polyethylene, zothamangitsa thovu la polyurethane ndi ma coagulants, komanso mankhwala otulutsa, mankhwala oletsa kutsekeka, othandizira kukonza, othandizira gloss ndi zochotsa fungo popanga rabara. Kuphatikiza apo, angagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga ma surfactants a cationic ndi ma surfactants a amphoteric.