Sabulun wanke-wanke na surfactants shine babban siffa da ke ba wa surfactants babban amfaninsu. Yana da alaƙa da rayuwar yau da kullun ta dubban gidaje kuma ana ƙara amfani da shi a masana'antu da masana'antu daban-daban.
1.Tasirin hana tsatsa of masu surfactants
Zare, robobi da sauran kayayyaki galibi suna samar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri saboda gogayya, wanda ke shafar aikin amfani da irin waɗannan samfuran. Misali, idan yadi na fiber yana ɗauke da wutar lantarki mai tsauri, yawanci suna fuskantar matsaloli kamar "mannewa" ko "mannewa mai tsauri", da kuma kasancewa cikin saurin shan ƙura da kuma yin datti cikin sauƙi. Tasirin wutar lantarki mai tsauri akan kayayyakin filastik ya fi mahimmanci: irin waɗannan samfuran ba wai kawai suna sha ƙura cikin sauƙi ba, wanda ke lalata bayyananniya, tsaftar saman su da kuma kamanninsu, har ma yana rage aikinsu da ƙimarsu.
Domin kawar da wannan yanayin da ke tsaye, galibi ana amfani da hanyar antistatic ta amfani da surfactants a halin yanzu. Irin waɗannan surfactants ana kiransu da antistatic agents.
2.Electrostaticabubuwan da suka faru da kuma dalilansu
Duk da cewa sakamakon jerin cajin zare da masu bincike daban-daban suka samu ya bambanta kaɗan, zare da ke ɗauke da haɗin amide kamar ulu, nailan da ulu na wucin gadi galibi suna da caji mai kyau. Yanayin caji na robobi na gama gari an nuna su a cikin Jadawali na 10-2. Jerin caji na abubuwa na gama gari daga mai kyau zuwa mara kyau kamar haka: (+) Polyurethane - Gashi - Nailan - Ulu - Siliki - Zaren Viscose - Auduga - Roba mai tauri - Fiber Acetate - Vinyl - Polypropylene - Polyester - Polyacrylonitrile - Polyvinyl chloride - Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer - Polyethylene - Polytetrafluoroethylene (-). Kodayake ba a fahimci dalilin samar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri ba tukuna, an yarda cewa wutar lantarki mai tsauri tana samuwa ne lokacin da nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban ke shafawa da juna, wanda ke haifar da caji mai motsi tsakanin abubuwan da aka goge. Ana iya tantance nau'in cajin da abu ke ɗauka ta hanyar samun ko asarar electrons. Abu yana samun caji mai kyau idan ya rasa electrons, kuma yana samun electrons mara kyau idan ya sami electrons.
Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don kawar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri:
(1) Hanyar zahiri. Tunda girman wutar lantarki mai tsauri yana shafar yanayin zafi da danshi, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin zahiri kamar daidaita zafin jiki da danshi da kuma fitar da corona don kawar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri a saman abubuwa.
(2) Hanyar sinadarai ta saman. Wato, ana amfani da surfactants, wanda aka fi sani da antistatic agents, don magance saman zare da kayayyakin filastik ko kuma a haɗa su cikin cikin filastik don cimma manufar kawar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri.
4.wakili mai hana kumburi don zaruruwa
4.1Bukatun wakili na antistatic:
(1) Ba zai canza yadda zare ke ji a hannu ba;
(2) Zai yi tasiri mai kyau na hana rikitar da jiki tare da ƙaramin allurai kuma ya kasance mai tasiri a ƙananan yanayin zafi;
(3) Zai kasance yana da kyakkyawan jituwa da zare na resin;
(4) Zai nuna kyakkyawan jituwa da sauran ƙari;
(5) Ba zai haifar da kumfa ko tabon ruwa ba;
(6) Ba zai zama mai guba ba kuma ba zai yi wa fata haushi ba;
(7) Ya kamata ya kiyaye kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali.
4.2Nau'ikan Magungunan Antistatic
Manyan nau'ikan magungunan hana kumburi da ake amfani da su don zare sune cationic da amphoteric ionic surfactants.
4.3Tsarin Ayyukan Magungunan Antistatic
Ga masu amfani da surfactants da ake amfani da su a matsayin masu hana zare, hanyar hana zare ta ƙunshi fannoni biyu: hana samar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri a saman yadin zare saboda gogayya da kuma watsar da cajin saman. Hana wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi yana da alaƙa da tsarin surfactants, yayin da watsar da cajin saman yana da alaƙa da yawan shaye-shaye da kuma yawan hygroscopicity na surfactants akan yadin zare.
Cationic surfactants suna shiga cikin saman zare mai caji mara kyau ta hanyar cajin su masu kyau.
① Suna iya kawar da cajin saman zaruruwa;
② Yayin da cationic surfactants ke shiga saman zare a cikin nau'in ions na ammonium quaternary tare da sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon ɗinsu masu kama da hydrophobic suna fuskantar waje, wani fim ɗin shaye-shaye mai jagora wanda aka haɗa da sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon yana samuwa akan saman zare. Wannan fim ɗin yana rage ƙarfin gogayya da ake samarwa akan saman zare yayin gogayya, wanda hakan ke raunana gogayya ta wutar lantarki.
Ga zaruruwan roba masu ƙarancin polarity da ƙarfi na hydrophobicity, cationic surfactants suna shiga saman zare ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals ta hanyar sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon ɗinsu na hydrophobic, tare da ƙungiyoyin ammonium na polar quaternary suna fuskantar waje. Wannan yana rufe saman zare da ƙungiyoyin polar hydrophilic, wanda ba wai kawai yana haɓaka wutar lantarki na saman zare ba, har ma yana ƙara danshi a samansa, yana sauƙaƙa wargaza wutar lantarki mai tsauri da gogayya ke haifarwa da kuma cimma tasirin antistatic.
Adadin shaye-shayen dioctadecyl ammonium chloride akan saman zare na halitta ya fi girma fiye da na zare na roba, wanda ke nuna tasirinsa mafi girma akan zare na halitta.
Kamar surfactants na cationic, amphoteric ionic surfactants suna ɗauke da caji mai kyau kuma suna iya shaƙa a saman zare mai caji mara kyau don rage cajin da ke tsaye. Ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic ɗinsu kuma suna rage gogayya. Idan aka kwatanta da surfactants na cationic, suna kuma ɗauke da ƙungiyar anionic a cikin tsarin ƙwayoyin halittarsu, wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka danshi da kuma watsar da caji. Saboda haka, amphoteric ionic surfactants wakilai ne masu ƙarfi na antistatic, kodayake suna da tsada mai yawa.
Sinadaran anionic da waɗanda ba ionic ba suna nuna mummunan tasirin antistatic saboda ƙarancin yawan shaye-shaye a saman zare. Yawan shaye-shayen surfactants marasa ionic ya fi na anionic surfactants saboda cajin saman zare ba ya shafar su; duk da haka, ikonsu na wargaza wutar lantarki mai tsauri yana da rauni, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin aikin antistatic idan aka kwatanta da surfactants na cationic da amphoteric ionic.
5.Magungunan hana ƙwayoyin cuta ga robobi
Tsarin surfactants da ke aiki a matsayin masu hana ruɓanya robobi: Masu surfactants suna shiga saman robobi ta hanyar van der Waals suna amfani da su ta hanyar sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon ɗinsu masu kama da hydrophobic, tare da ƙungiyoyin polar ɗinsu da ke miƙewa waje. Fim ɗin shaye-shaye na surfactants yana samuwa a saman robobi, yana samar da wutar lantarki wanda ke ba da damar caji mai tsauri ya ɓace yadda ya kamata. A halin yanzu, fim ɗin shaye-shaye kuma yana rage gogayya a saman robobi.
Ana rarraba magungunan antistatic na filastik ta hanyar nau'in surfactant kamar haka:
(1) Nau'in anionic;
(2) Nau'in Cationic;
(3) Nau'in ionic na amphoteric;
(4) Nau'in da ba na ionic ba.
Ana iya raba magungunan antistatic zuwa rukuni biyu bisa ga hanyoyin amfani:
(1) Magungunan hana kumburin saman fata;
(2) Magungunan hana kumburin ciki.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-14-2026